Multidomain Peptides are a class of amphiphilic self-assembling peptides with a modular ABA block motif in which the amphiphilic B block drives self-assembly while the flanking A blocks, which are electrostaticly charged, control the conditions under which assembly takes place. Previously we have shown that careful selection of the amino acids in the A and B blocks allow one to control the self-assembled fiber length and viscoelastic properties of formed hydrogels. Here we demonstrate how the modular nature of this peptide assembler can be designed for biological applications. With control over fiber length and diameter, gelation conditions and viscoelastic properties, we can develop suitable materials for biological applications. Going beyond a simple carrier for cell delivery, a biofunctional scaffold will interact with the cells it carries promoting advantageous cell-matrix interactions. We demonstrate the design of a multidomain peptide into a bioactive variant by incorporation of a matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) specific cleavage site and cell adhesion motif. Gel formation and rheological properties were assessed and compared to related peptide hydrogels. Proteolytic degradation by collagenase IV was observed in a gel weight loss study, and confirmed by specific MMP-2 degradation monitored by mass spectrometry and cryo-TEM. Combination of this cleavage site with the cell adhesion motif RGD resulted in increased cell viability, cell spreading, and encouraged cell migration into the hydrogel matrix. Collectively the structural, mechanical and bioactive properties of this multidomain peptide hydrogel make it suitable as an injectable material for a variety of tissue engineering applications.
This position statement represents a consensus of an expert committee convened by the European Society of Endodontology (ESE) on revitalization procedures. The statement is based on current clinical and scientific evidence as well as the expertise of the committee. The goal is to provide suitably trained dentists with a protocol including procedural details for the treatment of immature teeth with pulp necrosis as well as a patient consent form. Revitalization is a biologically based treatment as an alternative to apexification in properly selected cases. Previously published review articles provide more detailed background information and the basis for this position statement (Journal of Endodontics, 39, 2013, S30; Journal of Endodontics, 39, 2013, 319; Journal of Endodontics, 40, 2014, 1045; Dental Traumatology, 31, 2015, 267; International Endodontic Journal, 2015, doi: ). As controlled clinical trials are lacking and new evidence is still emerging, this position statement will be updated at appropriate intervals. This might lead to changes to the protocol provided here.
This position statement on the management of deep caries and the exposed pulp represents the consensus of an expert committee, convened by the European Society of Endodontology (ESE). Preserving the pulp in a healthy state with sustained vitality, preventing apical periodontitis and developing minimally invasive biologically based therapies are key themes within contemporary clinical endodontics. The aim of this statement was to summarize current best evidence on the diagnosis and classification of deep caries and caries‐induced pulpal disease, as well as indicating appropriate clinical management strategies for avoiding and treating pulp exposure in permanent teeth with deep or extremely deep caries. In presenting these findings, areas of controversy, low‐quality evidence and uncertainties are highlighted, prior to recommendations for each area of interest. A recently published review article provides more detailed information and was the basis for this position statement (Bjørndal et al. 2019, International Endodontic Journal, doi:). The intention of this position statement is to provide the practitioner with relevant clinical guidance in this rapidly developing area. An update will be provided within 5 years as further evidence emerges.
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