Decreased Skin-Test Reactivity Associated with Influenza

Reed, William P.; Olds, John W.; Kisch, Alexander L.

doi:10.1093/infdis/125.4.398

Cited by 60 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Measles morbidity is associated with anergy against tuberculin (23), and similar findings were reported also in influenza and mumps infections (t, 14,18). Significant decrease of delayed cutaneous sensitivity to various recall antigens was demonstrated in vaecinees with attenuated rubella, virus (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Stimulation of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in acute viral infections

Gotlieb-Stematsky

Rannon

Vonsover

et al. 1978

Archives of Virology

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Acute and convalescent sera from 77 patients with serologically confirmed influenza, measles and adenovirus infections and from 36 healthy controls were tested for the level of antibodies to Epstein-Barr (EB) virus. In the three groups of patients significantly higher titers of antibodies to EB viral capsid antigen (VCA) were found as compared to the controls. In 19 patients twofold or higher rise in antibody titers between the first and second blood sample was demonstrated. It is suggested that in patients with influenza, measles or adenovirus infections, involvement of lymphocytes leads to reactivation of EB virus and antibody formation is stimulated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Stimulation of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in acute viral infections

Gotlieb-Stematsky

Rannon

Vonsover

et al. 1978

Archives of Virology

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“…As many as 2.5 x 107 aerobic and 4.6 x 107 During the period of no oral hygiene, all anaerobic viable microorganisms per mg of denstudents accumulated plaque and developed tal plaque have been reported (10). Since the (20) and Kauffman and co-workers (13) were unable to show any depression of the lymphocyte response to PHA stimulation. The findings of this study suggest an increase in responsiveness during the onset of gingivitis, if peak responses are evaluated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphocyte response to T-cell mitogen during experimental gingivitis in humans

Lang¹,

Smith²

1976

Infect Immun

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This study was conducted to evaluate the dose response relationships of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) by stimulation of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) during the onset of oral inflammation. Eleven dental students underwent a 3-week experimental gingivitis program (Loe et al., 1965). At time zero, weeks 1, 2, and 3, and after 1 week of reinstituted oral hygiene (week 4), the plaque accumulations were evaluated, the degree of gingival inflammation was assessed, and a blood sample was taken. Quadruplicate microcultures each containing 2 x 105 PBL in 0.2 ml of tissue culture medium 199 and 10% fetal calf serum were stimulated with five concentrations of PHA (10 to 0.5 ,ug/ml) and incubated for 78 h at 37 C in 5% C02. [3H]thymidine was added to each culture for the final 8 h. The cultures were then harvested and counted by liquid scintillation, and stimulation indexes (SI) were determined. At time zero the maximum PBL response occurred at a PHA concentration of 5 ug/ml (SI = 100). During weeks 1, 2, and 3 the location of the maximum PBL response shifted to a lower PHA concentration (1.0 ,ug/ml) and increased to over SI = 400. The phenomenon of shifting of peak PHA responses to lower PHA concentrations could be observed after only 1 week of developing gingival inflammation. The PBL response returned to pre-experimental values after 1 week of reinstituted oral hygiene, which resolved the oral inflammation. The findings show that a dose response relationship exists between PHA concentrations and the PBL response. If these dose response changes seen during developing gingival inflammation are ignored, either a decrease, increase, or no change in PBL response can be shown depending upon the PHA concentration evaluated. Owing to the dose-dependent nature of this PBL response, it is advisable to routinely use dose response curves in order to properly evaluate the full responsiveness of PBL to mitogenic substances.

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“…Streptokinase-streptodornase is often included (21, 24, 31, 32, 36-38, 44-50, 52, 54, 57-73). In areas with endemic mycoses, Histoplasma or Coccidioides antigens may also be applied (30,35,36,39,40,47,(74)(75)(76)(77)(78)(79)(80). Although tetanus immunization is widespread (universal in patients who are US military veterans), tetanus toxoid, until recently, was only occasionally used as a skin-test antigen (21, 45, 50-52, 54, 56, 61, 64, 71, 80-87).…”

Section: Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to measles, other infections, such as influenza (35,41,59,62,(156)(157)(158), other viral infections (62,105,134,(152)(153)(154)159), and bacterial infections (62,134,(152)(153)(154) may lead to cutaneous anergy. The probability and degree of suppression of skin-test reactivity is related, at least in part, to the severity of the coexistent illness (35,38,39,41,59,62,(152)(153)(154)157,158). In animals, the varying species susceptibility to suppression of OTH reactions during influenza has been correlated with pulmonary replication of the virus (158) and it is reasonable to assume that this may occur in humans.…”

Section: Recognized Causes Of Cutaneous Anergymentioning

confidence: 99%

The negative tuberculin test. Tuberculin, HIV, and anergy panels.

Pesanti¹

1994

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

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Decreased Skin-Test Reactivity Associated with Influenza

Cited by 60 publications

References 8 publications

Stimulation of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in acute viral infections

Stimulation of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in acute viral infections

Lymphocyte response to T-cell mitogen during experimental gingivitis in humans

The negative tuberculin test. Tuberculin, HIV, and anergy panels.

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