Stimulation of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in acute viral infections

Gotlieb-Stematsky, T.; Rannon, L; Vonsover, Ami; Varsano, Noemi

doi:10.1007/bf01315084

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Respiratory infections do not entirely fit the epidemiology of MS, and there is no explanation for the association between respiratory infections and MS. However, it should be noted that infections, especially respiratory infections, may activate a latent EBV infection in the oropharynx [84,85]. This is in agreement with recent research on EBV pathogenesis.…”

Section: Possible Disease Mechanismssupporting

confidence: 66%

Multiple sclerosis is linked to Epstein‐Barr virus infection

Haahr

Höllsberg

2006

Reviews in Medical Virology

111

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The aetiology and pathogenesis of MS are unknown, but environmental agents, genetic susceptibility and stochastic events are likely to be involved. In order to evaluate the possibility that MS is linked to EBV infection, we here evaluate studies on MS- and EBV-epidemiology, prospective and retrospective analysis of EBV-serology, investigations of EBV DNA sequences in blood and tissues, specificity of antibodies in oligoclonal bands in MS patients and results from antiviral chemotherapy of MS patients. It could be demonstrated that EBV is complying with the epidemiological observations in MS and that all MS patients are seropositive to EBV in contrast to healthy controls. Importantly, despite difficulties in diagnosing child-MS, the vast majority of these patients are also EBV seropositive. In contrast to control groups, recent EBV infections have never been observed in children or adults with MS. Further prospective studies indicate a 2.8 times higher tendency for development of MS after infectious mononucleosis. In MS patients, unbiased analyses pull out EBV antigens as high-affinity targets for the antibodies in the oligoclonal bands. Humans are the exclusive natural host for EBV, a finding that may explain why MS is unique to humans. Together these unique observations strongly suggest a linkage between MS and EBV infection. Infection by EBV offers numerable mechanisms to perturb the immune system, including mimicry and superantigen induction, which may potentially participate in the disease mechanisms. In contrast, studies demonstrating higher IgG titres and occurrence of viral DNA in serum/plasma are likely to reflect a consequence of the disease. An explanation for a potential role of respiratory diseases in MS is discussed. It is concluded that the ultimate test to the hypothesis of MS and EBV is the development and application of an EBV vaccine, which is predicted to eradicate the disease.

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Section: Possible Disease Mechanismssupporting

confidence: 66%

Multiple sclerosis is linked to Epstein‐Barr virus infection

Haahr

Höllsberg

2006

Reviews in Medical Virology

111

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“…Indeed, demyelinating disease after complicated primary EBV infection has been reported (34), although the pathogenic mechanisms are unknown. We speculate that if a disease process is initiated in and around epithelial and B cells in the oropharynx, the documented role between respiratory infections and exacerbations in MS (4-7) may be explained through an activation of the EBV-producing cells (40,41). EBV has also been suggested to activate T cells through induction of a superantigen in B cells (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Thus, EBV infection may break tolerance by multiple mechanisms. We speculate that if a disease process is initiated in and around epithelial and B cells in the oropharynx, the documented role between respiratory infections and exacerbations in MS (4-7) may be explained through an activation of the EBV-producing cells (40,41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Presence of Epstein-Barr virus and human herpesvirus 6B DNA in multiple sclerosis patients: associations with disease activity

et al. 2005

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MS patients express EBV and HHV-6B in both saliva and plasma, but only the expression of EBV in saliva is significantly reduced following valacyclovir treatment. Although EBV and HHV-6B DNAs can be detected in plasma from healthy individuals, the co-expression of both these viruses in MS patients is highly significant and further associated with clinical activity. The observations of viral DNA in plasma are consistent with an underlying immunologic defect in MS.

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“…The finding of elevated antibody titers to EBV in various neurological diseases points to the involvement of this virus in a wide range of pathological conditions affecting the nervous system (10). Stimulation of antibodies to EBV was also found after acute viral infections (8) and in slow developing viral diseases of the nervous system (9) and reactivation of EBV as a result of depressed cell-mediated immunity was suggested. Depressed cell-mediated immunity in psychiatric patients could result from drug treatment or poor immunological state of the patient.…”

Section: Diseussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex type 1, cytomegalovirus and measles virus in psychiatric patients

Gotlieb-Stematsky

Zonis

Arlazoroff

et al. 1981

Archives of Virology

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Distribution of antibodies to herpes simplex type 1 (HSV1), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and measles virus (MV) was studied in sera and cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) of 41 patients with schizophrenia, 27 patients with primary affective disorders and 25 control patients with neurological diseases. No significant differences in distribution and mean geometric titers (GMT) of antibodies to HSV1 between the psychiatric and control groups were found. Distribution and GMT of antibodies to EBV were highly significant in psychiatric patients as compared to controls with highest titers in the affective disorder group. Antibodies to HSV1 were present in 15 CSF specimens of psychiatric patients with reduced CSF/serum ratio in 4, and low levels of antibodies were detected in 8 control patients. Antibodies to EBV-VCA were detected in 4 CSFs of psychiatric patients. Total protein levels were determined in CSF specimens and no correlation with antibodies was found. No significant differences in distribution of antibodies to CMV or MV in the three study groups were found. No antibodies to CMV were demonstrated in CSFs and in one specimen from a patient and two controls antibodies to MV were detected.

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Stimulation of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in acute viral infections

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Multiple sclerosis is linked to Epstein‐Barr virus infection

Multiple sclerosis is linked to Epstein‐Barr virus infection

Presence of Epstein-Barr virus and human herpesvirus 6B DNA in multiple sclerosis patients: associations with disease activity

Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex type 1, cytomegalovirus and measles virus in psychiatric patients

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