Decreased serum orexin A levels in drug-naive children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder

Baykal, Saliha; Albayrak, Yakup; Durankuş, Ferit; Güzel, Savaş; Abbak, Özlem; Potas, Nihan; Beyazyüz, Murat; Karabekiroğlu, Koray; Donma, Mustafa Metın

doi:10.1007/s10072-018-3692-8

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Its effects on appetite are well established; however, other effects of asprosin on the CNS are not yet known. In a recent study, orexin A was shown to affect attention in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder . Because asprosin is also an orexigenic peptide and can cross from blood–brain barrier, it is possible that asprosin may have some effect on the CNS in the developmental period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased serum circulating asprosin levels in children with obesity

Silistre¹,

Hatipoğl²

2020

Pediatrics International

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Background: Childhood obesity is a growing and significant problem worldwide. Asprosin is a novel adipokine that is significantly associated with glucose and insulin production in the liver during fasting. In the present study, we aimed to demonstrate whether there would be differences between obese, overweight, and normal weight children in terms of serum asprosin levels. Methods: Forty-four children with obesity, 54 overweight children, and 60 normal weight children were compared in terms of serum asprosin levels and other anthropometric, biochemical, and hormonal parameters that are associated with being overweight and with obesity. Results: Serum asprosin levels were found to be significantly different between groups: 70.903 AE 17.49 ng/mL, 79.744 AE 29.54 ng/mL, and 106.293 AE 122.69 ng/mL in normal weight, overweight, and obese children respectively. Post-hoc analysis revealed that the asprosin level was significantly higher in obese children compared with normal weight children (P = 0.009). Additionally, asprosin was found to be a predictor of obesity in multiple regression analysis. Conclusion: Our study is the first to demonstrate increased levels of asprosin in obese children compared with normal weight children. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the role of asprosin in the etiology of childhood obesity, as well as other diseases that might be associated with effects of asprosin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased serum circulating asprosin levels in children with obesity

Silistre¹,

Hatipoğl²

2020

Pediatrics International

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“…Of note, narcoleptic patients exhibit cognitive deficits especially in attention and executive function 65 . Orexin levels are not only altered in narcolepsy but also in inattentive subtype of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 66 . Homozygous orexin‐deficient mice exhibited sleep disturbances similar to human narcolepsy and are used as narcoleptic mice models 23,67 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orexin deficiency modulates cognitive flexibility in a sex‐dependent manner

Durairaja

Fendt

2020

Genes Brain and Behavior

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Cognitive flexibility is an important executive function and refers to the ability to adapt behaviors in response to changes in the environment. Of note, many brain disorders are associated with impairments in cognitive flexibility. Several classical neurotransmitter systems including dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline are shown to be important for cognitive flexibility, however, there is not much known about the role of neuropeptides. The neuropeptide orexin, which is brain‐widely released by neurons in the lateral hypothalamus, is a major player in maintaining sleep/wake cycle, feeding behavior, arousal, and motivational behavior. Recent studies showed a role of orexin in attention, cognition and stress‐induced attenuation of cognitive flexibility by disrupting orexin signaling locally or systemically. However, it is not known so far whether brain‐wide reduction or loss of orexin affects cognitive flexibility. We investigated this question by testing male and female orexin‐deficient mice in the attentional set shifting task (ASST), an established paradigm of cognitive flexibility. We found that orexin deficiency impaired the intra‐dimensional shift phase of the ASST selectively in female homozygous orexin‐deficient mice and improved the first reversal learning phase selectively in male homozygous orexin‐deficient mice. We also found that these orexin‐mediated sex‐based modulations of cognitive flexibility were not correlated with trait anxiety, narcoleptic episodes, and reward consumption. Our findings highlight a sexually dimorphic role of orexin in regulating cognitive flexibility and the need for further investigations of sex‐specific functions of the orexin circuitry.

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“…Moreover, high levels of EDS and shorter REM latency are classically both potential signs of narcolepsy (102). In the study by Diaz-Roman (10), polysomnographic recordings showed that children with ADHD presented significantly greater general sleep problems than control subjects and shorter REM latency in the ADHD group.…”

Section: Links With Narcolepsymentioning

confidence: 98%

Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Measurements in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

et al. 2020

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood. It is a heterogeneous disorder in terms of clinical presentation that is probably due to the frequent occurrence of comorbidity. Children with ADHD more frequently report sleep disorders (notably delayed sleep phase syndrome) and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) than typically developing children. The aim of this article is to propose a narrative review of the assessment of EDS in the context of ADHD with first a summary of the subjective and objective tools used to measure it. Secondly, perspectives in terms of electroencephalogram (EEG) markers and neurofeedback are proposed. Then, possibilities for new kinds of evaluation are discussed (virtual reality, ecological momentary assessment, etc.). Lastly, we discuss specific clinical situations with EDS in the context of ADHD as links with narcolepsy, the comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, and the context of sluggish cognitive tempo.

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Decreased serum orexin A levels in drug-naive children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder

Cited by 21 publications

References 48 publications

Increased serum circulating asprosin levels in children with obesity

Increased serum circulating asprosin levels in children with obesity

Orexin deficiency modulates cognitive flexibility in a sex‐dependent manner

Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Measurements in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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