Decreased serum arylesterase activity in autism spectrum disorders

Gaiță, Laura; Manzi, Barbara; Sacco, Roberto; Lintas, Carla; Altieri, Laura; Lombardi, Federica; Pawlowski, Tracy L.; Redman, Margot; Craig, David W.; Huentelman, Matthew J.; Ober-Reynolds, Sharman; Bräutigam, S.; Melmed, Raun D.; Smith, Christopher J.; Marsillach, Judith; Camps, Jordi; Curatolo, Paolo; Persico, Antonio M.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.04.010

Cited by 34 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Mothers who are less able to detoxify organophosphorus pesticides because of low paraoxonase enzyme activity are at increased risk for having children with ASD and ADHD. 52,53 Studies by Singh et al 54,55 provide evidence that individuals with more susceptible genotypes who are exposed to organophosphorus pesticides exhibit greater DNA damage. Thus, "dose plus host" determines toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Chemical and Drug Intolerances: Potential Risk Factors for Autism and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Heilbrun

Palmer

Jaén

et al. 2015

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess whether chemically intolerant women are at greater risk for having a child with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods: We conducted a case-control study of chemical intolerance among mothers of children with ASD (n ‫؍‬ 282) or ADHD (n ‫؍‬ 258) and children without these disorders (n ‫؍‬ 154). Mothers participated in an online survey consisting of a validated chemical intolerance screening instrument, the Quick Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory (QEESI). Cases and controls were characterized by parental report of a professional diagnosis. We used a one-way, unbalanced analysis of variance to compare means across the 3 groups.Results: Both mothers of children with ASD or ADHD had significantly higher mean chemical intolerance scores than did mothers of controls, and they were more likely to report adverse reactions to drugs. Chemically intolerant mothers were 3 times more likely (odds ratio, 3.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.50 -6.02) to report having a child with autism or 2.3 times more likely (odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-5.04) to report a child with ADHD. Relative to controls, these mothers report their children are more prone to allergies (P < .02), have strong food preferences or cravings (P < .003), and have greater sensitivity to noxious odors (P < .04). Conclusion

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Chemical and Drug Intolerances: Potential Risk Factors for Autism and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Heilbrun

Palmer

Jaén

et al. 2015

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

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“…In the present study, we observed significantly decreased arylesterase activity in serum of autistic children. Gaita et al [65] reported significantly decreased serum PON 1 arylesterase, but not diazoxonase activity, in patients with autism compared to controls and first-degree relatives. A functional rather than quantitative change in protein amounts accounting for the reduction in PON 1 activity has been suggested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nuclear Factor-Kappa B and Other Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Serum of Autistic Children

Abdel-Salam¹,

Youness²,

Mohammed³

et al. 2015

OJMIP

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the status of oxidative stress in the serum of children affected with autism spectrum disorder. Twenty autistic children aged 3 to 12 years, were gender and age-matched with 20 typically developing children. Changes in the levels of the redox-sensing transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was measured in serum of autistic children and controls. Other oxidative stress biomarkers such as malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, catalase activity, and paraoxonase 1 activity were determined in serum as well. Significant increase was observed in serum NF-κB of autistic children compared to that in controls (by 138.6%). There was also marked increase in malondialdehyde level by 87.3% in autistic patients. Meanwhile, there were significant decreases in reduced glutathione (by 24%), catalase activity (by 40.8%), paraoxonase 1 activity (by 36.6%), and total antioxidant capacity (by 36.5%) compared to the control group. These data clearly demonstrate increased oxidative stress in serum of autistic children and suggest that the NF-κB signaling pathway is activated in autism, possibly due to increased oxidative burden.

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“…In our hands, the genomic DNA yield from a 7-mL tube is so abundant that leukocyte immortalization is relatively unnecessary. However, since we are interested in studying biological endophenotypes, in our protocol blood is collected into two 7-mL tubes with EDTA (pink tubes in Figure 1) and into one tube without anticoagulant (red tubes in Figure 1), which is then centrifuged to obtain serum and measure calcium-dependent enzymatic activities, such as arylesterase [68]. One of the two EDTA-containing tubes is also centrifuged at 140 g for 25 min at 4°C within 20 min.…”

Section: Our Roadmap: Methodological Issues and Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%