Decreased potency of CNS depressants after prolonged social isolation in mice

Baumel, Irwin; DeFeo, John J.; Lal, Harbans

doi:10.1007/bf00407048

Cited by 35 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…However, the reduction of barbiturate narcosis induced by prolonged isolation should not be viewed exclusively in terms of changed hepatic metabolization, since the decreased sensitivity shown by isolated mice to sodium barbital (Baumel et al, 1969), a drug which does not undergo hepatic degradation (Dorfman and Goldbaum, 1947;Ebert et al, 1964), suggests there may be other concurrent factors. These may involve the already reported heightened brain excitability during socioenvironmental deprivation (Baumel et al, 1970;Kimbrell, 1967;King et al, 1955;Valzelli, 1967Valzelli, , 1969Valzelli, , 1973.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the direct activity of these drugs on nerve cells (Brazier, 1963), and their inactivation rate by hepatic microsomes (Noordhoek, 1968). Enhancement of the hepatic inactivation of barbiturates by social deprivation has been demonstrated (a) in vitro by direct measurement of microsomal enzyme activity in hepatic tissue from isolated mice (Baumel et al, 1969); (b) in vivo by a faster decline of hexobarbital content in the body of isolated mice (Baumel et al, 1970), and (c) by increased microsomal protein synthesis and hepatic microsomal metabolism of 2-14C pentobarbital in isolated mice (Essman et al, 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that isolated-aggressive mice are significantly less sensitive to barbiturate sedation (Balazs and Dairman, 1967 ;Baumel et aL, 1969Baumel et aL, , 1970Consolo et al, 1965b) and to chlorpromazine potentiation of barbiturate sleeping time (Consolo et al, 1965b). It has also been thought that aggressive ness induced by prolonged socioenvironmental deprivation or isolation results from overall heightened neuroexcitability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been thought that aggressive ness induced by prolonged socioenvironmental deprivation or isolation results from overall heightened neuroexcitability. In male mice subjected to isolation, this neuroexcitability gradually develops as hyperirritability and hyperreactivity to physical stimuli (Kimbrell, 1967;King et aL, 1955;Valzelli, 1967Valzelli, , 1969Valzelli, , 1973, enhanced toxicity to CNS stimulants (Consolo et al, 1965a, b) and reduced sensitivity ot CNS depressants (Balazs and Dairman, 1967 ;Baumel et aL, 1969;Consolo et aL, 1965b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alcohol, Prolonged Isolation and Barbiturate Sedation in Two Strains of Mice

Valzelli¹,

Bernasconi²

1978

Neuropsychobiology

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Mice subjected to prolonged socioenvironmental deprivation gradually develop hyperirritability and hyperreactivity to physical stimuli. This heightened neuroexcitability may or may not debouch into aggressiveness according to strain and sex of the animals, and it is accompanied by a reduced sensitivity to CNS depressants. Socioenvironmental deprivation or isolation is shown to decrease the sensitivity either to pentobarbital or to ethanol potentiation of pentobarbital sleeping time in male mice from two different strains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Alcohol, Prolonged Isolation and Barbiturate Sedation in Two Strains of Mice

Valzelli¹,

Bernasconi²

1978

Neuropsychobiology

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“…Many researchers reported that isolated animals showed various physiological and behavioral peculiarities or different susceptibilities to drugs or environmental stress comparing with those reared in the collective condition (King et al 1955;Barnes 1958Barnes , 1959Harry and Harlow 1962;Weltman et al 1962;Barrett and Stockham 1963;Hatch et al 1963Hatch et al , 1965Thiessen 1963;Jewett and Norton 1964;Wiberg and Grice 1965;Krech et al 1966;Wiberg et al 1966;Agrawal et al 1967;Baumel et al 1969;Bernstein and Moyer 1970;Brain 1971Brain , 1975Brain et al 1971;Takemoto et al 1975).…”

Section: Ta%emoto T Suzuki T and Miyama T Effects Of Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Isolation on Mice in Relation to Age and Sex

Takemoto

Suzuki

Miyama

1975

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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TA%EMOTO, T., SUZUKI, T. and MIYAMA, T. Effects of Isolation on Mice inRelation to Age and Sex. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1975 , 117 (2), 153-165-Isolated housing conditions (a single mouse in cage) have been reported to induce various changes in physiological and behavioral characters of mice comparing with collective-housing conditions. However, the effect of age and sex has not been studied in detail.In this report, the young (8 or 11 weeks old) and the mature (29 weeks old for male and 32 weeks for female) of both sexes were comparatively studied on the response to isolation.The duration of isolation was 12-13 weeks. Significant differences were seen in body weight, weights of fur and interscapular adipose tissue, and weight of adrenals in male, and the difference in weight of adrenals was more outstanding in the young than in the mature . In female, only weight of ovaries differed significantly between the isolation and the collective groups, and the difference prevailed in the young than in the mature.The heavy body weight with fat deposition and small adrenals in the isolated male is not consistent with the results on the isolated male rat (Hatch et al. 1965). Small ovary in the isolated female is a similar finding to reports on mice (Weltman et al. 1962) and on rats (Hatch et al. 1965). isolated housing; space of cage; adrenal weight; ovarian weight; fat depositionThe housing condition of experimental animals has raised a topic in these years. Many researchers reported that isolated animals showed various physiological and behavioral peculiarities or different susceptibilities to drugs or environmental stress comparing with those reared in the collective condition (King et al. 1955;Barnes 1958Barnes , 1959Harry and Harlow 1962;Weltman et al. 1962;Barrett and Stockham 1963;Hatch et al. 1963Hatch et al. , 1965Thiessen 1963;Jewett and Norton 1964;Wiberg and Grice 1965;Krech et al. 1966;Wiberg et al. 1966;Agrawal et al. 1967;Baumel et al. 1969;Bernstein and Moyer 1970;Brain 1971Brain , 1975Brain et al. 1971;Takemoto et al. 1975).As one of these peculiarities due to prolonged isolation, King et al. (1955) observed the convulsion in the singly caged CH mice. The present authors reported different incidence rates of convulsive attacks according to different conditions of isolation in male dd-D mice (Takemoto et al. 1975).

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Brief periods of socialization and later behavior in the rat

Einon

Morgan

Kibbler

1978

Developmental Psychobiology

201

116

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Juvenile rats were allowed short daily periods of social contact to see if this would reduce the known effects of isolation rearing upon habituation of locomotor activity and object contact in the open field. Animals totally deprived of social experience (ISOL) were slower to habituate than animals living in small social groups (SOC). Rats allowed 1 hr of social contact (partial isolates, PI), but living otherwise in isolation, were intermediate between ISOL and SOC animals. In further experiments the quality of social interactions in the daily period was altered by drugging one of the partners, either with amphetamine or with chlorpormazine. In later tests in the open field, the rats that had interacted with amphetamine-injected or chlorpromazine-injected partners differed from PI animals in the direction of resembling complete isolates (ISOL); this was particularly true of those paired with amphetamine animals. Observation revealed that injection of 1 of the partners considerably altered social interactions in the pair. A further test showed that 1 hr of contact a day considerably alleviated the deleterious effects of isolation rearing upon response reversal. We conclude that normal development in the rat may depend upon the flexibility of behavior encouraged by the early social situation.Recent reports (Rosenzweig, 1971; suggest that some of the behavioral effects of keeping rats in impoverished conditions may be caused by social isolation prior to 50 days of age. One such behavior is the slow reversal of a previously learned discrimination. Rosenzweig found that rats that were isolated for 30 days from 25 days of age were slow to reverse a previously learned visual discrimination, but that reversal was not affected if isolation occurred after 60 days of age. Furthermore, he has reported that although environmental enrichment of social rats affected brain development it did not affect reversal, suggesting that it is specifically social factors that are implicated in t h s deficit. Similarly, we have found that hyperactivity and habituation deficits which are found following early isolation cannot be produced by isolation initiated after 45 days of age, nor can they be reversed in rats isolated between 25 and 45 days of age by subsequent housing in social groups for up to 90 days in press).

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Decreased potency of CNS depressants after prolonged social isolation in mice

Cited by 35 publications

References 9 publications

Alcohol, Prolonged Isolation and Barbiturate Sedation in Two Strains of Mice

Alcohol, Prolonged Isolation and Barbiturate Sedation in Two Strains of Mice

Effects of Isolation on Mice in Relation to Age and Sex

Brief periods of socialization and later behavior in the rat

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