Decreased Gray Matter Volume of Cuneus and Lingual Gyrus in Schizophrenia Patients with Tardive Dyskinesia is Associated with Abnormal Involuntary Movement

Abstract

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a devastating motor disorder associated with the etiological process of schizophrenia or antipsychotic medication treatments. To examine whether cerebral morphological changes may manifest in TD, we used voxel-based morphometry to analyze high-resolution T1-weighted brain structural magnetic resonance images from 32 schizophrenics with TD (TD group), 31 schizophrenics without TD (non-TD group), and 32 healthy controls (HC group). We also assessed psychopathological symptoms with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and TD severity with the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). We compared gray matter volumes (GMVs) among groups, and tested for correlations between GMV changes and psychopathological symptoms or TD severity. The results showed significant differences in GMV in the frontal and temporal cortices, insula and cerebellum among the three groups. Brainstem and inferior frontal and precentral gyri GMVs were significantly larger, whereas cuneus and lingual gyrus GMVs were significantly smaller in the TD group as compared to non-TD group. Further, the cuneus and lingual gyrus GMVs were positively correlated with AIMS scores in the TD group. The current results suggest that TD may be associated with the alterations in GMV that are different from that of schizophrenics without TD. Further studies are needed to confirm and to examine the functional significance of these structural findings.

Adaptive Identification of Cortical and Subcortical Imaging Markers of Early Life Stress and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

“…Features that were unique to PTSD have been described as constituents of the extra‐striate ventral visual cortex . When we examined the relative importance of these features as predictors of PTSD, we found larger SA in the lingual gyrus and pars opercularis – regions that have shown abnormal imaging results in relation to trauma and psychosis‐spectrum symptoms across psychiatric diagnoses . The metric‐specificity of these results may implicate a developmental risk for PTSD – SA expands throughout childhood and adolescence and thus is vulnerable to early environmental influence .…”

“…19 When we examined the relative importance of these features as predictors of PTSD, we found larger SA in the lingual gyrus and pars opercularis -regions that have shown abnormal imaging results in relation to trauma and psychosis-spectrum symptoms across psychiatric diagnoses. [20][21][22] The metric-specificity of these results may implicate a developmental risk for PTSD -SA expands throughout childhood and adolescence and thus is vulnerable to early environmental influence. 23 Recent work using resting state fMRI shows distinct functional specialization of cortical regions within the extra-striate ventral visual cortex in human newborns, including unique functional associations between the cortical regions that repeatedly classified PTSD from controls.…”

EEG Source Localization and Attention Differences Between Children Exposed to Drugs in Utero and Those with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study

“…Li et al, 2013;Ookawa et al, 2017;Tsujii, Sakatani, Masuda, Akiyama, & Watanabe, 2011;Vogel et al, 2016). BA 18 and associated regions are implicated in visual and perceptual processes, as well as symptoms of anxiety, panic, posttraumatic stress, and other psychiatric issues (Heesink et al, 2017;Lai & Wu, 2013;Parise et al, 2014;Whitford et al, 2012;Yu et al, 2018).…”

Tardive Dyskinesia in Older Persons Taking Antipsychotics

“…Gray matter volumes of the brainstem, inferior frontal and precentral gyri, cuneus, and lingual gyrus were significantly different in patients with TD than in those without. 58 Similarly, patients with TD exhibited a reduction in resting state functional connectivity between the right postcentral gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus of the left triangular part compared with patients without TD. 59 Gray matter volumes of the cuneus and lingual gyrus and the reduction in resting state functional connectivity observed were also correlated with TD severity, as assessed by the total score on the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale, providing further support that changes in gray matter volume or functional connectivity may be related to the pathophysiology of TD.…”