Decreased food intake rather than zinc deficiency is associated with changes in plasma leptin, metabolic rate, and activity levels in zinc deficient rats

Gaetke, Lisa M.; Frederich, Robert; Oz, Helieh S.; McClain, Craig J.

doi:10.1016/s0955-2863(01)00220-0

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Kwun et al reported that, although food intake decreased in marginal ZnD (3 mg/kg diet) rats and pair-fed ZnA (30 mg/kg diet) rats compared to ZnA (30 mg/kg diet) rats, growth was unaffected in the pair-fed rats but had decreased in the ZnD rats (19). Moreover, the food efficiency ratio [weight gain (g)/food eaten (g)] of the ZnD rats was lower than that of the pair-fed rats (20,21). Although the provision of two separate diets to each rat for self-selection did not allow pair feeding, in this study, we calculated the energy utilization ratio, which was the ratio of weight gain (g) to the energy eaten (kcal), and assessed the utilization of energy consumed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Zinc's Role in Rat Preference for a Low-Fat Diet in a Two-Choice Diet Program of Low- and High-Fat Diets

Nakashima

2011

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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SummaryTo investigate the change in preference for a low-fat diet (LFD) and a high-fat diet (HFD) under disorders induced by a zinc (Zn)-deficiency, two groups of 4-wk-old male rats were fed a two-choice diet of Zn-deficient (ZnD; 0.75 mg/kg) and Zn-adequate (ZnA; 30.75 mg/kg) LFD and HFD. After 21 d, 10 rats in each of the two groups were sacrificed. The remaining ZnD rats were switched to ZnA diets for 7 d. Intakes of the LFD and the HFD were measured to determine the diet preferences of the ZnD, the ZnA and the Zn-recovered groups. Energy intake of the ZnD group was significantly lower than that of the ZnA group and showed cyclical 3-to 4-d patterns of decrease. In the ZnD group, although the LFD intake decreased parallel to the reduction in the energy intake, the HFD intake did not show the cyclical pattern of decrease. The reduced intake of the LFD in the ZnD rats was accompanied by a low carbohydrate intake and a low plasma insulin concentration. When the ZnD group recovered sufficient amounts of Zn, the energy intake was restored to normal levels and the difference in the LFD intake and the plasma insulin concentration disappeared between the ZnD and the ZnA groups. It was supposed that the specific change in the LFD intake patterns during development and recovery from Zn-deficiency might be related to Znmediated changes in impaired synthesis and the release of insulin from the pancreas. Key Words zinc-deficiency, self-selection, preference for a low-fat diet, two-choice diet program, high-fat diet Zinc (Zn) is essential for animals and humans, and is required for many physiological functions. A Zn-deficiency in both animals and humans causes anorexia, a taste disorder, a poor appetite, impaired growth and dermatitis ( 1-3 ). Within 3 to 5 d after giving rats a Zndeficient (ZnD) diet, food intake is suppressed ( 3,4 ). This decrease in food intake is the first sign of Zn-deficiency, followed by other symptoms associated with Zndeficiency ( 3 ). Therefore, Zn may play an important role in the regulation of food intake.From a whole-body perspective, ZnD rats have significantly reduced body weight and carcass fat, and lower circulating leptin and insulin concentrations that play key roles in energy nutrient metabolism compared to the Zn-adequate (ZnA) rats ( 4-7 ). Leptin is produced by adipose tissue and has potent effects on body weight and food intake regulation. Another adiposity signal is insulin, which is the controller of blood glucose levels, and chronically high levels of insulin consequently lead to obesity ( 8 ). Arora and Anubhuti reported that leptin and insulin are ideal candidates for lipogenic function because their levels are closely related to adiposity, and their central administration decreases food intake ( 9 ). However, feeding is a complex behavior and the mechanisms by which Zn-deficiency induces anorexia are unclear. Zn-deficiency results in a reduction of food intake, suggesting that Zn status may affect the complex mechanisms underlying normal food intake.In a previous paper, we re...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Zinc's Role in Rat Preference for a Low-Fat Diet in a Two-Choice Diet Program of Low- and High-Fat Diets

Nakashima

2011

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…Previous studies of severe zinc deficiency (1 ppm) have shown a decrease in FER [29,30]. However, in a study of high sucrose diets, a moderately low zinc intake tended to increase FER [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…This differs from previously reported effects of severe zinc deficiency on metabolic rate. Both metabolic rate and RQ have been reported to decline in severely ZD rats and their PF counterparts [21,30], suggesting that the effect is because of lower food intakes rather than zinc deficiency. However, locomotor activity declined in the ZD group, but not the PF group [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fructose Consumption and Moderate Zinc Deficiency Influence Growth and Adipocyte Metabolism in Young Rats Prone to Adult-Onset Obesity

Streiff

Stanhope

Graham

et al. 2007

Biol Trace Elem Res

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The effects of low zinc, high fructose diet on growth and adipocyte metabolism were examined in rats. At 28 days of age, animals were assigned to diets either adequate in zinc (30 ppm) with water (AZW) or fructose solution (AZF), or low in zinc (5 ppm) with water (LZW) or fructose solution (LZF). Body weight and food and fructose solution intake were measured three times a week. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks, and energy expenditure was measured. The rats were killed at 12 weeks. Adipocytes were cultured in medium containing C14-glucose and physiological insulin concentrations. The animals in the LZF group consumed less energy and gained less weight than the other groups. Serum zinc concentrations were lower in the LZF than the AZF group. Energy expenditure over a 24-h period did not differ between groups; however, the respiratory quotient in the fed state was higher in the groups consuming fructose solution than in those consuming water. The mesenteric adipocytes from the animals in the LZF group utilized more glucose. Thus, the addition of fructose to a LZ diet reduced energy intake and growth and altered adipocyte fuel metabolism in young growing rats.

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“…Zinc deficient rats weight less than rats that consume the same amount of Zn-adequate food (Gaetke et al, 2002). This observation suggests that Zn deficiency has an impact on metabolic rate that is independent on food intake; however, it seems that the most profound effect of Zn status on metabolic rate and substrate utilization is the result of Zn deficiencyinduced anorexia (Evans et al, 2004).…”

Section: Developed Hypothyroidism During Zinc Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In most studies, Zn deficiency results in an overall 40% to 50% decrease in food intake (Gaetke et al, 2002;Rains et al, 1998). However, in severe Zn deficiency, food intake can be reduced by as much as 70% (Essatara et al, 1984;Kasarskis et al, 1996).…”

Section: Developed Hypothyroidism During Zinc Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Adaptations of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Between Food Restriction and Anorexia

Gortari¹,

Alvarez-Salas²,

Morales-Mulia³

et al. 2012

Hypothyroidism - Influences and Treatments

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Decreased food intake rather than zinc deficiency is associated with changes in plasma leptin, metabolic rate, and activity levels in zinc deficient rats

Cited by 37 publications

References 25 publications

Zinc's Role in Rat Preference for a Low-Fat Diet in a Two-Choice Diet Program of Low- and High-Fat Diets

Zinc's Role in Rat Preference for a Low-Fat Diet in a Two-Choice Diet Program of Low- and High-Fat Diets

Fructose Consumption and Moderate Zinc Deficiency Influence Growth and Adipocyte Metabolism in Young Rats Prone to Adult-Onset Obesity

Differential Adaptations of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Between Food Restriction and Anorexia

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