Decreased Encoding Efficiency in Schizophrenia

Cairo, Tara A.; Woodward, Todd S.; Ngan, Elton T.C.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.08.009

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, the interaction effects between group and trial type as well as group and reaction time indicate that PSZ were less able to use distractors to their advantage as compared to CTRL and REL. Hence, though PSZ are capable of successfully differentiating distracting stimuli when they are not overly salient (Erickson et al, 2015, Erickson et al, 2014, Gold et al, 2006, Gray et al, 2014, Hahn et al, 2010), they do so less efficiently than healthy controls; such a result is consistent with fMRI studies demonstrating inefficiency of cognitive processing in PSZ (Cairo et al, 2006, Schlӧsser et al, 2008). Though PSZ gained some advantage from encoding distractors, their relative improvement was not as great as that observed in REL and CTRL.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Impaired retrieval processes evident during visual working memory in schizophrenia

Lynn

Kang

Sponheim

2016

Schizophrenia Research: Cognition

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Prominent working memory (WM) deficits have been observed in people with schizophrenia (PSZ) across multiple sensory modalities, including the visuospatial realm. Electrophysiological abnormalities noted during early visual processing as well as later cognitive functions in PSZ may underlie deficiencies in WM ability, though the mechanisms linking behavior to neural responses are not well understood. WM dysfunction has also been observed in biological relatives of PSZ (REL) and therefore may be a manifestation of genetic liability for the disorder. We administered a delayed response visuospatial WM task to 23 PSZ, 30 of their REL, and 37 healthy controls (CTRL) to better understand the contributions of neural abnormalities to WM performance deficits associated with schizophrenia. PSZ performed more poorly on the WM task and failed to effectively process distractor stimuli as well as CTRL and REL. N1 electrophysiological responses to probes during retrieval differentiated the type and locations of stimuli presented during encoding in CTRL. Retrieval N1 responses in PSZ, however, failed to do so, while retrieval responses in REL showed more pronounced differentiation of stimulus features during encoding. Furthermore, neural responses during retrieval predicted behavioral performance in PSZ and REL, but not CTRL. These results suggest that retrieval processes are particularly important to efficient visuospatial WM function in PSZ and REL, and support further investigation of WM retrieval as a potential target for improving overall WM function through clinical intervention.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Impaired retrieval processes evident during visual working memory in schizophrenia

Lynn

Kang

Sponheim

2016

Schizophrenia Research: Cognition

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“…This supports the notion that the patient group is recruiting more brain resources in an attempt to maintain task performance. This concept has previously been discussed in the context of the physiology of normal [Cairo et al, 2006;Callicott et al, 2003;Sayala et al, 2006;Tipper et al, 2005]) although we are unaware of any analysis of quantification of efficiency of activation in depression. The reduced efficiency in the patient group strongly supports the notion of a specific degree of right prefrontal dysfunction underlying these changes in task-related activation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

An fMRI study of prefrontal brain activation during multiple tasks in patients with major depressive disorder

Fitzgerald¹,

Srithiran²,

Mendieta³

et al. 2007

Human Brain Mapping

158

111

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“…The present example uses a subset of the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data originally collected for an investigation of working memory impairment in schizophrenia (Cairo, Woodward, & Ngan, 2006). fMRI records signal variation in blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal, which is correlated with signal variation in blood flow.…”

Section: An Empirical Application To Functional Neuroimaging Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Refer to Cairo et al (2006) for full details regarding experimental conditions, the nature of sample, and data acquisition. In this example, we used four healthy subjects who performed a verbal working memory task under four different memory-load conditions while undergoing fMRI.…”

Section: Example Datamentioning

confidence: 99%