Decrease of allergen‐specific T‐cell response induced by local nasal immunotherapy

Giannarini, L; Maggi, Enrico

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.1998.00265.x

Cited by 40 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…On the other hand, previous studies provided no evidence for resorption of allergens through the sublingual mucosa [28]. In accordance with the results published by Giannarini et al [20], analyzing the events occurring during local nasal immunotherapy, we conclude that sublingual administration of allergen led to a significant decrease in T cell reactivity (tolerance) in the absence of a clearcut Th2–Th1 shift (immunodeviation). The allergen doses applied in this study were low [11, 12]compared to other published papers [9, 14, 29, 30].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Moreover, specific immunotherapy induced a marked increase in allergen–specific IgG, which seemed, however, not to be associated with the clinical outcome of the treatment [19]. So far, one published study investigated the immunological changes during mucosal immunotherapy [20]. Giannarini et al [20]demonstrated that local, nasal immunotherapy induced a decrease in allergen–specific T cell responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, one published study investigated the immunological changes during mucosal immunotherapy [20]. Giannarini et al [20]demonstrated that local, nasal immunotherapy induced a decrease in allergen–specific T cell responses. As a consequence, these authors described reduced cytokine production in the absence of a clearcut Th2–Th1 shift.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systemic Immunological Changes Induced by Administration of Grass Pollen Allergens via the Oral Mucosa during Sublingual Immunotherapy

Fanta

Bohle

Hirt³

et al. 1999

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

110

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Twenty–four patients suffering from grass pollen allergy underwent sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with standardized grass pollen extract for 1 year. In order to investigate immunological changes induced by the administration of allergens via the oral mucosa, the SLIT–spit method was applied. The cumulative dose of approximately 80 μg of major allergen (grass group 5 allergen), was relatively low. During the time of treatment, we could observe a significant increase in the levels of specific IgG and IgG4 antibodies. However, the titers of allergen–specific IgE antibodies showed a significant increase in the course of SLIT as well. Analyzing lymphoproliferative responses, a significant decrease in reactivity in response to stimulation with complete grass pollen extract (p = 0.001) and to recombinant Phl p 1 (a major allergen of timothy grass, p<0.001) could be observed, indicating the induction of immunological tolerance. Proliferative responses to a control antigen (tetanus toxoid) were not influenced by the treatment. At different time points during SLIT, allergen (Phl p 1)–specific T cell clones (TCC) were established from the peripheral blood of the patients. Cytokine production by allergen–stimulated T cells did not reveal any changes consistent with immune deviation, i.e. the ratio of Th1/Th2 TCC did not change during SLIT. In conclusion, we provide evidence that sublingual treatment leads to systemic changes in immunoreactivity to the administered allergen.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Systemic Immunological Changes Induced by Administration of Grass Pollen Allergens via the Oral Mucosa during Sublingual Immunotherapy

Fanta

Bohle

Hirt³

et al. 1999

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A more regular exposure to an inhalant allergen such as occurs in allergen immunotherapy, might allow a more normal balance between Th1 and Th2 responses to be achieved. This proposition is supported by the observations that during immunotherapy regular administration of RYE allergens by the nasal or parenteral route results in decreased allergen‐induced proliferation [28, 35] and deviation of the allergen‐induced cytokine secretion towards a Th1 response [35, 36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Age‐related T cell responses to allergens in childhood

Suphioglu

Kemp

2003

Clin Experimental Allergy

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“…In its optimal form, it would be free of any side effects and would lack the risk of strong Th1-biased approaches. Animal experiments indicated the potential of approaches such as local nasal immunotherapy [102,103]. The role of IL-10 and TGF-ß in the induction of anti-allergic tolerance was confirmed in animal experiments [104] and by clinical studies investigating the consequences of SIT on the immune status of patients [105].…”

Section: Tolerance and Th1-inducing Adjuvantsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Modified Recombinant Allergens for Safer Immunotherapy

Ferreira

Briza²,

Inführ³

et al. 2006

IADT

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Molecular cloning and recombinant production of allergens offered new perspectives for the increasing problem of allergies. A variety of preparations are being developed aiming to increase safety and improve efficacy of specific immunotherapy. Recombinant-based approaches are mostly focused on genetic modification of allergens to produce molecules with reduced allergenic activity and conserved antigenicity, i.e. hypoallergens. Studies dealing with genetic modifications of allergen genes reported the production of site-directed mutants, deletion mutants, allergen fragments and oligomers, and allergen chimeras. An alternative to genetic engineering is the chemical modification of pure recombinant allergens. It has been shown that allergens modified with immunostimulatory DNA sequences (allergen-ISS conjugates), which masks IgE epitopes and adds a desirable Th1-inducing character to the allergen molecule. Other chemical modifications include oligomerization by aldehydes (allergoids) and maleylation, which seems to target allergens to particular antigen presenting cells. Several of these modified allergen preparations have been already evaluated for their safety in clinical provocation studies. So far, clinical trials showed the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy with an Amb a 1-ISS conjugate for ragweed pollen-allergic patients. In addition, a preparation consisting of hypoallergenic fragments of Bet v 1 was evaluated for immunotherapy of birch pollen-allergic patients. In parallel, several animal studies have now demonstrated the potential of genetic immunization for allergy treatment in the future.

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Decrease of allergen‐specific T‐cell response induced by local nasal immunotherapy

Abstract: These data suggest that a common mechanism of both LNIT and SIT is the induction of T-cell tolerance, thus providing a rational basis to explain why LNIT may be clinically successful in allergic patients with rhinits.

Cited by 40 publications

References 41 publications

Systemic Immunological Changes Induced by Administration of Grass Pollen Allergens via the Oral Mucosa during Sublingual Immunotherapy

Systemic Immunological Changes Induced by Administration of Grass Pollen Allergens via the Oral Mucosa during Sublingual Immunotherapy

Age‐related T cell responses to allergens in childhood

Modified Recombinant Allergens for Safer Immunotherapy

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