Age‐related T cell responses to allergens in childhood

Jm, Smart; Suphioglu, Cenk; Kemp, AS

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01583.x

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Exposure and sensitization to HDM is likely to occur constantly very early in life, even at 1 month of age (32) while exposure to ryegrass usually occurs intermittently throughout childhood and teenage years (33, 34). A recent study (35) found a significant age‐related proliferative response to ryegrass allergens, but not to HDM, and an increased age‐related Th2 deviation among ryegrass‐sensitive but not HDM‐sensitive atopic subjects. Thus there may be a greater influence of later childhood factors in the development of ryegrass sensitization than HDM sensitization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This timing of allergen exposure together with the later age of fish consumption may allow a larger window of opportunity for PUFA immunomodulation for ryegrass than HDM. Thus, as the time of consolidation of Th2 responses to different aeroallergens varies with T‐cell memory for HDM allergens being established in early childhood and for ryegrass allergens throughout childhood (35), the ‘usual’ introduction of fish into diet might be too late to protect against HDM‐sensitization developed in early life. A parallel‐group RCT involving high‐risk newborns found no effect of ω ‐3‐rich fish oil supplements on overall sensitization to aeroallergens and HDM sensitization at 18 months (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A differing pattern of association between dietary fish and allergen‐specific subgroups of atopy

Andreasyan

Ponsonby

Dwyer

et al. 2005

Allergy

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A differing pattern of association between dietary fish and allergen‐specific subgroups of atopy

Andreasyan

Ponsonby

Dwyer

et al. 2005

Allergy

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“…Like other organs directly relevant to cough (e.g. systemic and mucosal immune system) [26,27] or not directly related to cough (e.g. renal system), one can speculate that the cough reflex has maturational differences as well.…”

Section: Why Adult Type Definitions Are Not Appropriatementioning

confidence: 99%

Defining the Cough Spectrum and Reviewing the Evidence for Treating Non-Specific Cough in Children

Chang

2005

CPR

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Cough is the most common presenting symptom to medical practitioners to the USA and Australia. Worldwide, the desire to reduce the impact of the symptom of cough is reflected in the billions of dollars spent on over the counter cough medications. Easy to apply and clinically relevant definitions of cough are necessary for effective communication and to progress clinical research. Based on current data, pediatric cough definitions have been formulated on timeframe (acute and chronic), clinical cough characteristics (dry vs wet/productive and classical recognizable cough sounds) and suggestive broad underlying etiology categories (expected cough, specific cough, non-specific cough and protracted bronchitis). These definitions are distinct from adult definitions, as many of adult-type aspects of cough cannot be applied to young children. With the lack of pediatric data, adult data is often inappropriately extrapolated to children.In the second part of this paper, the evidence for and against the use of the various pharmaceuticals (such as OTC medications, antimicrobials, treatment for gastroesophageal reflux and asthma) for cough in children are reviewed. The utility of 'time to response' is important in the management of cough in children to minimize possible associated morbidity of the therapies for non-specific cough.

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“…Antigen-specific IgE responses are under the control of cytokines produced by competing signals from distinct subsets of T helper (Th) cells [1]. Interleukin (IL)-4 is essential for the development of Th2 cells, which induce IgE production, eosinophilia, and, with sustained generation, the progression of sensitization and allergic inflammation [2,3]. The Th2 responder phenotype is universal at an early age, as polarization of the cytokine profile away from cell-mediated Th1-type immunity towards humoral immunity of the Th2-type prevails in utero [4].…”

Section: The Allergic Infantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel approaches to the nutritional management of the allergic infant

Isolauri¹,

Walker²

2005

Acta Paediatrica

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The increased prevalence of atopic diseases, i.e. atopic eczema, allergic rhinitis and asthma, has been described as the epidemic of the 21st century in Western societies. New approaches in the fight against allergic diseases are clearly called for, the target being the persistence of the allergic responder pattern beyond infancy. The advantage afforded by elimination diets lies in the silencing of specific allergic inflammation induced by an offending food. Novel nutritional approaches, beyond the treatment of food allergies, have recently attracted research interest subsequent to the identification of the immunomodulatory potential of specific dietary compounds. Dietary lipids as immunomodulators may prevent allergic sensitization by down-regulating inflammatory response whilst protecting the epithelial barrier. Probiotic bacteria have been shown to reinforce the different lines of gut defence: immune exclusion, immune elimination and immune regulation. On this basis, the strategy against allergic disease proposed here is based on the administration of tolerogenic gut-processed peptide fragments of a specific protein, in addition to the use of specific dietary compounds such as fatty acids and antioxidants, and introducing a microbial stimulus for the immature immune system by means of cultures of beneficial live micro-organisms characteristic of the healthy infant gut microbiota.

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Age‐related T cell responses to allergens in childhood

Abstract: These findings suggest that grass pollen sensitivity in childhood is accompanied by a progressive accumulation of allergen-primed T cells and progressive deviation of the allergen-induced cytokine response towards a Th2 response in atopic subjects throughout childhood.

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

A differing pattern of association between dietary fish and allergen‐specific subgroups of atopy

A differing pattern of association between dietary fish and allergen‐specific subgroups of atopy

Defining the Cough Spectrum and Reviewing the Evidence for Treating Non-Specific Cough in Children

Novel approaches to the nutritional management of the allergic infant

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