“…As most Salmonella infections are associated with consumption of meats, milk, and eggs, the veterinary use of antimicrobials, especially those important for treatment of humans, has long been a contentious issue (Cox and Ricci, 1969). While there is epidemiological data to support the link between antimicrobial use and resistance (Bortolaia et al, 2015;Noyes et al, 2016;Andersen et al, 2017;Caffrey et al, 2017;Shigemura et al, 2018), it is generally difficult to ascertain causal effect depending on the antimicrobial (Fairchild et al, 2005;Smith et al, 2007;Agga et al, 2016), food animal (Agga et al, 2016), level or scope of food animal production system (Idris et al, 2006;Andersen et al, 2017;Liljebjelke et al, 2017), or method of quantifying resistance (Fairchild et al, 2005;Smith et al, 2007;Agga et al, 2016). In poultry production, the antimicrobials available for use in the US are limited to 15 drugs (Singer and Hofacre, 2006).…”