Decoy-State Quantum Key Distribution Over a Long-Distance High-Loss Air-Water Channel

Hu, Cheng-Qiu; Yan, Zi; Gao, Jun; Li, Zhanming; Zhou, Heng; Dou, Jian-Peng; Jin, Xian

doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.15.024060

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In 2020, the first experiment of free-space measurement-device-independent QKD (MDI-QKD) over a 19.2 km urban atmospheric channel was reported in [81]. In [82], the feasibility of air-water QKD was experimentally demonstrated. The theoretical upper limit for the achievable distance of QKD is influenced by diverse factors such as the relay type, the QKD protocol, and propagation loss.…”

Section: B Qkd Transmission Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Quantum Key Distribution Networks: On the Road to the Qinternet

Cao

Zhao

Qin

et al. 2022

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

176

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Section: B Qkd Transmission Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Quantum Key Distribution Networks: On the Road to the Qinternet

Cao

Zhao

Qin

et al. 2022

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

176

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…An ingenious replacement for phase locking and phase tracking in TFQKD experiments [46,52] is the plug-and-play type construction [31], but it is susceptible to Trojan horse attacks [62][63][64][65]. Furthermore, free-space realization of QKD in various types of channels, including the atmosphere [66,67], seawater [68], and satellite-to-ground channels [69][70][71][72], is essential to estab-lishing a global-scale quantum networks [73,74]. However, deploying phase-locking and phase-tracking techniques, which require additional channels and erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers as repeaters in classical links, is difficult in free space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking the Rate-Loss Bound of Quantum Key Distribution with Asynchronous Two-Photon Interference

Xie,

Lu,

Weng

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Twin-field quantum key distribution can overcome the repeaterless bound via single-photon interference. However, the requirements of phase-locking and phase-tracking techniques drastically increase the experimental complexity, economic cost and prohibit free-space realization. Inspired by the duality in entanglement, we herein present an asynchronous measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution protocol that can surpass the repeaterless bound even without phase locking and phase tracking. Leveraging the concept of time multiplexing, asynchronous two-photon Bell-state measurement is realized by postmatching two interference detection events. For a 1 GHz system, the new protocol reaches a transmission distance of 450 km without phase tracking. After further removing phase locking, our protocol is still capable of breaking the bound at 270 km by employing a 10 GHz system. Intriguingly, when using the same experimental techniques, our protocol has a higher key rate than the phase-matching-type twin-field protocol. In the presence of imperfect intensity modulation, it also has a significant advantage in terms of the transmission distance over the sending-or-not-sending type twin-field protocol. With high key rates and accessible technology, our work paves the way for realistic global quantum networks across space, air, and water to the ground.

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“…Following the first BB84 protocol [1], QKD has been implemented in optical fiber [2][3][4] and atmosphere [5][6][7], leaving underwater quantum key distribution (UWQKD) a last barrier to conquer. In recent years, UWQKD has been studied theoretically [8][9][10] and experimentally [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Most of the experimental studies remain on the level of feasibility research of UWQKD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In subsequent works [12,13], quantum tomography was performed, showing that polarized photons and twisted photons can survive well through a 55 meter underwater channel. Till now, two of the experimental works demonstrated the complete QKD process [11,17]. BB84 protocol, as the most widely used protocol, was completely implemented with polarized photons over a water channel [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Demonstration of Underwater Decoy-state Quantum Key Distribution with All-optical Transmission

Yu,

Li,

Wei

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We demonstrate the underwater quantum key distribution (UWQKD) over a 10.4meter Jerlov type III seawater channel by building a complete UWQKD system with all-optical transmission of quantum signals, synchronization signal and classical communication signal. The wavelength division multiplexing and the space-time-wavelength filtering technology are applied to ensure that the optical signals do not interfere with each other. The system is controlled by FPGA, and can be easily integrated into watertight cabins to perform field experiment. By using the decoy-state BB84 protocol with polarization encoding, we obtain a secure key rate of 1.82Kbps and an error rate of 1.55% at the attenuation of 13.26dB. We prove that the system can tolerate the channel loss up to 23.7dB, therefore may be used in the 300-meter-long Jerlov type I clean seawater channel.

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Decoy-State Quantum Key Distribution Over a Long-Distance High-Loss Air-Water Channel

Cited by 30 publications

References 37 publications

The Evolution of Quantum Key Distribution Networks: On the Road to the Qinternet

The Evolution of Quantum Key Distribution Networks: On the Road to the Qinternet

Breaking the Rate-Loss Bound of Quantum Key Distribution with Asynchronous Two-Photon Interference

Experimental Demonstration of Underwater Decoy-state Quantum Key Distribution with All-optical Transmission

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