Deconvolution process approach in Raman spectra of DLC coating to determine the sp3 hybridization content using the ID/IG ratio in relation to the quantification determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Phosphorus-modified cobalt single-atom catalysts loaded on crosslinked carbon nanosheets for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction

“…The intensity ratio of the D band to the G band ( I D / I G ) reflects the content of defects in the graphite carbon. 58 Compared to graphene (typical I D / I G value of 0.3), the I D / I G ratio of Co@CCNSs is significantly higher, representing a higher content of carbon defects. 59…”

Surface and in-depth structural changes in nuclear graphite irradiated with noble gases described with Raman imaging

“…As an example, the amorphisation of highlyoriented pyrolytic graphite under irradiation with D + and He + in temperatures up to 700 °C was investigated, indicating the temperature-dependent threshold value of fluence causing critical structural damage [12]. The step-like order dependence on fluence was also demonstrated by irradiation with a broad range of ions ( 7 Li, 9 Be, 11 B, 12 C, 31 P, 75 As), along with the temperature as the counterfactor to the amorphization [13]. Moreover, the evolution of physicochemical and functional parameters was previously analysed.…”

“…At the same time, the D band at approximately 1350 cm -1 relates to the sp 3 C-C bond with a dangling bond which might be found on the edges of the layers and neighboring defects [1]. Therefore, the D band is connected with the disorder allowing for the evaluation of the disorder from the ratio between intensities of these two bands ( 𝐼 𝐷 𝐼 𝐺 ⁄ ratio) [8,9,10]. Not only the level but also the character of the defects might be detected [11].…”