Decontamination of personal protective equipment and related materials contaminated with toxic industrial chemicals and chemical warfare agent surrogates

Oudejans, L.; O’Kelly, Jeremy; Evans, Anthony S.; Wyrzykowska-Ceradini, Barbara; Touati, Abderrahmane; Tabor, D.; Snyder, Emily

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2016.05.022

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…While these methods are highly effective at sequestering toxins, they present a challenge for final disposal of protective gear. Under normal environmental conditions, CWAs adsorbed to activated carbon surfaces have demonstrated persistence for weeks following initial exposure and consequently require additional detoxifying treatments to prevent the media from becoming secondary emitters . Furthermore, a decontamination approach based on adsorption alone exhibits finite capacity that is dependent on the available adsorption sites in the material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Activated Self‐Decontaminating Polydicyclopentadiene PolyHIPE Foams for Rapid Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents

McGann

Daniels

Giles

et al. 2018

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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The threat of chemical warfare agents (CWA) compels research into novel self-decontaminating materials (SDM) for the continued safety of first-responders, civilians, and active service personnel. The capacity to actively detoxify, as opposed to merely sequester, offending agents under typical environmental conditions defines the added value of SDMs in comparison to traditional adsorptive materials. Porous polymers, synthesized via the high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templating, provide a facile fabrication method for materials with permeable open cellular structures that may serve in air filtration applications. PolyHIPEs comprising polydicyclopentadiene (polyDCPD) networks form stable hydroperoxide species following activation in air under ambient conditions. The hydroperoxide-containing polyDCPD materials react quickly with CWA simulants, Demeton-S and 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, forming oxidation products as confirmed via gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The simplicity of the detoxification chemistry paired with the porous foam form factor presents an exciting opportunity for the development of self-decontaminating filter media.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Activated Self‐Decontaminating Polydicyclopentadiene PolyHIPE Foams for Rapid Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents

McGann

Daniels

Giles

et al. 2018

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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“…However, rational simulant selection based on the developed criteria is not the focus of this work, and the agent-to-simulant relationship developed here is applied to data from vapor emission experiments performed for the CWA sulfur mustard (HD) and two of its traditional simulants, methyl salicylate (MeS) and 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), emitting from the polymers silicone and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). CEES has been used as a reactive simulant for HD, − while MeS has been used as a simulant for vapor exposure to HD …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agent-to-Simulant Relationships for Vapor Emission from Absorbing Materials

Varady

Pearl

Bringuier

et al. 2017

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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When using a simulant to predict the behavior of a chemical warfare agent (CWA), it is not always possible to sufficiently match all relevant properties, and the use of an agent-to-simulant relationship is required. The objective of the agent-to-simulant relationship developed here is to enable the prediction of vapor emission rate of a CWA from a polymer given an experimental measurement of the vapor emission rate of a simulant from the polymer. Vapor emission experiments for the CWA sulfur mustard (HD) and the simulants methyl salicylate (MeS) and 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) absorbed in the polymers silicone and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were carried out to verify the theoretical predictions. It was found that the agent-to-simulant relationship holds if the initial dimensionless concentration distributions and Biot numbers in the polymer are similar for the agent and simulant. The mathematical agent-to-simulant relationship also provides guidance on the critical properties to match in simulant selection.

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“…Active protection systems do not require post-use decontamination and do not function only as adsorbents or as a skin barrier. Thus, this type of technology is preferable [ 30 ].…”

Section: Personal Protective Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Multifunctional Fibrous Systems Based on Natural Fibers and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

2021

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In recent years, an unprecedented increase in the development of products and technologies to protect the human being has been observed. Now, more than ever, the world population is exposed to several threats, harmful to their well-being and health. Chemical and biological hazardous agents stand out as one of the biggest threats, not only for the military forces, but also for the civilians. Consequently, it’s essential to develop personal protective systems that are able to protect their user, not only passively, but actively, being able to detect, adsorb, degrade and decontaminate pesticides, pollutants, microorganisms and most importantly: chemical/biological warfare agents. One recent strategy for the development of active fibrous structures with improved functions and new properties is their functionalization with nanoparticles (NPs), especially metal oxides. Although their known effectiveness in the decomposition of harmful agents, the NPs could also include other functionalities in the same structure using low quantities of material, without adding extra weight, which is of huge importance for a soldier in the battlefield. The use of natural fibers as the substrate is also very interesting, since this material is a much sustainable alternative when compared to synthetic ones, also providing excellent properties.

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Decontamination of personal protective equipment and related materials contaminated with toxic industrial chemicals and chemical warfare agent surrogates

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Air Activated Self‐Decontaminating Polydicyclopentadiene PolyHIPE Foams for Rapid Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents

Air Activated Self‐Decontaminating Polydicyclopentadiene PolyHIPE Foams for Rapid Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents

Agent-to-Simulant Relationships for Vapor Emission from Absorbing Materials

Protective Multifunctional Fibrous Systems Based on Natural Fibers and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

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