Decomposition of Lignin by White-rot Fungi. I. Isolation of Heavily Degraded Lignins from Decayed Spruce

Kirk, T. Kent; Chang, Hou‐min

doi:10.1515/hfsg.1974.28.6.217

Cited by 71 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…To provide a nondegraded control sample, we used macromolecular milled wood lignin from white spruce, prepared by extracting ball-milled spruce wood with dioxane-water (96:4), as described previously (28). This control lignin and the two macromolecular biodegraded lignins were divided into three portions for analysis.…”

Section: Fungal Cultures Ceriporiopsis Subvermispora 90031-sp (Atcc mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major structures of lignin are well characterized (25,26) and might differ from each other in susceptibility to particular oxidants. However, analyses of white-rotted wood have a limitation: the ability of the fungi to mineralize lignin efficiently results in very low steady-state accumulations of partially degraded structures such that almost all of the lignin present throughout decay consists of an intact polymer that has not yet been attacked (27)(28)(29). To detect degraded structures, the lignin must first be extracted with polar solvents that dissolve little of the sound polymer, after which oxidative changes can be identified in the small quantity of partially biodegraded lignin that dissolves (28).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, analyses of white-rotted wood have a limitation: the ability of the fungi to mineralize lignin efficiently results in very low steady-state accumulations of partially degraded structures such that almost all of the lignin present throughout decay consists of an intact polymer that has not yet been attacked (27)(28)(29). To detect degraded structures, the lignin must first be extracted with polar solvents that dissolve little of the sound polymer, after which oxidative changes can be identified in the small quantity of partially biodegraded lignin that dissolves (28). This fractionation of the lignin could lead to artifacts because some lignin structures are probably not distributed uniformly in sound wood, and it is unlikely that all parts of the wood are attacked to the same extent by the fungus or extracted with equal efficiency by the solvents.…”

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A Highly Diastereoselective Oxidant Contributes to Ligninolysis by the White Rot Basidiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora

Yelle

Kapich

Houtman

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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eThe white rot basidiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora delignifies wood selectively and has potential biotechnological applications. Its ability to remove lignin before the substrate porosity has increased enough to admit enzymes suggests that small diffusible oxidants contribute to delignification. A key question is whether these unidentified oxidants attack lignin via singleelectron transfer (SET), in which case they are expected to cleave its propyl side chains between C ␣ and C ␤ and to oxidize the threo-diastereomer of its predominating ␤-O-4-linked structures more extensively than the corresponding erythro-diastereomer. We used two-dimensional solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to look for changes in partially biodegraded lignin extracted from spruce wood after white rot caused by C. subvermispora. The results showed that (i) benzoic acid residues indicative of C ␣ OC ␤ cleavage were the major identifiable truncated structures in lignin after decay and (ii) depletion of ␤-O-4-linked units was markedly diastereoselective with a threo preference. The less selective delignifier Phanerochaete chrysosporium also exhibited this diastereoselectivity on spruce, and a P. chrysosporium lignin peroxidase operating in conjunction with the P. chrysosporium metabolite veratryl alcohol did likewise when cleaving synthetic lignin in vitro. However, C. subvermispora was significantly more diastereoselective than P. chrysosporium or lignin peroxidase-veratryl alcohol. Our results show that the ligninolytic oxidants of C. subvermispora are collectively more diastereoselective than currently known fungal ligninolytic oxidants and suggest that SET oxidation is one of the chemical mechanisms involved.

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Section: Fungal Cultures Ceriporiopsis Subvermispora 90031-sp (Atcc mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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A Highly Diastereoselective Oxidant Contributes to Ligninolysis by the White Rot Basidiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora

Yelle

Kapich

Houtman

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Elemental and methoxyl analyses of four solventextracted brown-rotted lignin fractions and their calculated C 9 formulas are listed in Table 3. Among the four brown-rotted lignin fractions, the dioxane-extracted sample had the highest methoxyl content (0.82 per C 9 unit), but this value is still lower than that expected for sound softwood lignins (Glasser and Barnett 1979;Kirk 1975;Kirk and Chang 1974). On a C 9 unit basis, the lignin obtained by NaOH reflux was relatively rieh in non-methoxyl oxygens and non-methoxyl hydrogens äs compared to the other lignin fractions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Structural Characterization of Brown-rotted Lignin

Jin¹,

Schultz²,

Nicholas³

1990

Holzforschung

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Naturally brown-rotted lignin was structurally characterized by various chemical and spectroscopic techniques. Our results of extensively decayed Douglas-fir indicate that modification of lignin by brownrot fungi is mainly oxidative. In addition to modification of aromatic ring structures by demethylation, advanced decay by brown-rot fungi proceeds in the direction of partial depolymerization, perhaps involving aryl ether interunit bond cleavage, and oxidation and cleavage of the lignin side chain structures. Ring and side chain modification results in a significant increase in both phenolic and aliphatic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, which makes this lignin chemically more reactive. Our results also suggest that aromatic hydroxylation is not involved in the softwood lignin modification by brown-rot fungi. In the course of this work various Isolation procedures for fractionating the lignin into different molecular weight ranges were examined, and it was found that refluxing with hol NaOH is a simple method that may have potential industrial uses.

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“…The organism was maintained at 40°C on malt agar (2% ) slope. 12 The basal growth medium contained per litre of water, the following minerals: NaN03 ( 2 g ) , g) , FeS04 7H20 (0.01 g) .…”

Section: Treatment With White-rot Fungusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared spectra of jute stick treated with white‐rot fungus

Roy¹,

Bag²,

Basak³

et al. 1992

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SYNOPSISJute stick was treated with white-rot fungus for incubation periods of 6 days (MBA) and 12 days (MBB) . The infrared spectra of fungus treated samples (MBA and MBB) and control jute stick (MBC) were analyzed and compared. The bands attributed mainly to hemicellulose show an increase in absorbance intensity ratios with increase of incubation time. Similarly the bands attributed to lignin show an increase in the absorbance intensity ratios with increase of incubation time. Increase in the intensity of 1635 cm-' band with increase of incubation time was also observed.

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Decomposition of Lignin by White-rot Fungi. I. Isolation of Heavily Degraded Lignins from Decayed Spruce

Cited by 71 publications

References 7 publications

A Highly Diastereoselective Oxidant Contributes to Ligninolysis by the White Rot Basidiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora

A Highly Diastereoselective Oxidant Contributes to Ligninolysis by the White Rot Basidiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora

Structural Characterization of Brown-rotted Lignin

Infrared spectra of jute stick treated with white‐rot fungus

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