Structural Characterization of Brown-rotted Lignin

Jin, Li; Schultz, Tor P.; Nicholas, Darrel D.

doi:10.1515/hfsg.1990.44.2.133

Cited by 62 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Highley (1988) found numerous species of brown rots that were able to solubilise microcrystalline cellulose. These fungi simply depolymerise cellulose, without producing Jin et al (1990), Eriksson et al (1990) soluble monomers or dimers. Still, no additional enzyme has been found to account for the lost exoglucanase that splits off from the soluble components.…”

Section: Cellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The radicals made by brown-rot fungi can eradicate methoxyl groups from lignin and yield methanol, leaving the remains of mostly altered lignin (Eriksson et al 1990) where the presence of phenolic hydroxyl groups is high (Crawford 1981). Carbonyl and carboxyl groups are also produced (Jin et al 1990). Hence brown-rotted lignin remains more responsive than natural lignin.…”

Section: Lignin Degradation By Brown-rot Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Litter decomposition in forest ecosystems: a review

Krishna

Mohan

2017

Energ. Ecol. Environ.

424

215

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Litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems has a major role in the biogeochemical cycling of elements in the environment. Climatic features, like temperature, rainfall, humidity, and seasonal variations affect the rate of litter decomposition. This review attempts to understand the litter decomposition process in tropical forest ecosystems. It also reviews the influence of various factors on litter degradation and techniques used for assessing leaf litter decomposition. It is observed that very few studies were conducted on litter decomposition in forest ecosystems, such as tropical and temperate forests. Hence, comprehensive studies on litter degradation have to be undertaken in order to understand the turnover rate of nutrients and other elements in these sensitive ecosystems.

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Section: Cellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lignin Degradation By Brown-rot Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Litter decomposition in forest ecosystems: a review

Krishna

Mohan

2017

Energ. Ecol. Environ.

424

215

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“…Analysis of 26 samples by solid-state 13 C NMR showed that decomposition generally proceeded first by nonselective mass loss, followed by more rapid loss of carbohydrate C and increasing concentration of lignin C, only slightly altered by oxidation and small increase of alkyl (lipid) C. This pattern is consistent with initial decomposition by white-rot fungi, with non-selective mass loss and little change in overall organic composition, or even depletion of lignin. The second stage, with increasing concentration of lignin and colour change to dark reddish-brown, indicates a dominance of brown-rot fungi that have a very limited ability to decompose lignin (Hedges et al 1988;Jin et al 1990). In this study, we examined relationships among decay class, density, total C, δ 13 C and NMR-determined lignin for a larger set of CWD samples from the CFC plots and some related samples.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposition, δ¹³C, and the “lignin paradox”

Preston¹,

Trofymow²,

Flanagan³

2006

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2006. Decomposition, ␦ 13 C, and the "lignin paradox". Can. J. Soil Sci. 86: 235-245. The natural abundance of 13 C (δ 13 C) generally increases with decomposition of organic matter. This is contrary to the expected decrease, as lignin is hypothesized to accumulate relative to isotopically heavier cellulose. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that 13 C depletion should be observed for gymnosperm logs that typically develop advanced brown-rot decay with high lignin content. With increasing lignin concentration [previously determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)], δ 13 C tended to become more negative for samples of Pseudotsuga menziesii, Tsuga heterophylla, Thuja plicata, and unidentified species from Coastal Forest Chronosequence sites of southern Vancouver Island. For a larger sample set without NMR analysis, δ 13 C was significantly more depleted for the highest decay classes, and total C was negatively correlated with δ 13 C, consistent with the higher total C of lignin than of cellulose. Relationships of total C and δ 13 C with density were much weaker. We discuss causes for the variability of δ 13 C in coarse woody debris from these sites, and how the apparent paradox in the predicted change of δ 13 C with decomposition is largely due to the confusion of lignin, the biopolymer produced by higher plants, with the acid-unhydrolyzable residue (AUR) of the proximate analysis procedure commonly used to assess litter quality in decomposition studies. J. Soil Sci. 86: 235-245. La quantité de 13 C (δ 13 C) présente dans la nature augmente généralement avec la décomposition de la matière organique. Cette constatation contredit la baisse de concentration prévue, l'hypothèse étant que c'est la lignine qui devrait s'accumuler au lieu de l'isotope plus lourd de la cellulose. Les auteurs voulaient savoir si le 13 C s'épuise vraiment dans les grumes de gymnospermes qui donnent habituellement une pourriture brune riche en lignine. Avec la hausse de la concentration de lignine (déter-minée au préalable par RMN), la teneur en δ 13 C a tendance à devenir négative dans les échantillons de Pseudotsuga menziesii, Tsuga heterophylla, Thuja plicata et des espèces non identifiées venant des chronoséquences de la forêt côtière du sud de l'île Vancouver. Dans une série d'échantillons plus importante n'ayant pas été analysés par RMN, la concentration de δ 13 C était significativement plus faible dans les spécimens à décomposition la plus avancée, et la concentration totale de carbone présentait une corrélation négative avec l'isotope δ 13 C, confirmant la concentration supérieure de carbone issu de la lignine plutôt que de la cellulose. Les liens entre la concentration totale de carbone et celle de δ 13 C avec la densité sont nettement plus ténus. Les auteurs parlent des causes de la variabilité de la concentration de δ 13 C dans les débris ligneux grossiers prélevés aux différents sites et du paradoxe apparent quant à l'évo-lution de la teneur en δ 13 C attribuable à la décomposition. Ce paradoxe résulte, selon eux, d'...

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“…The comparison to the period of C-01 and WS treatments shows no significant difference. As previously reported BRF do not degrade lignin extensively [38][39][40][41] but chemically modify it 11,42 . With increasing time in the degradation, the chips wood progressively turned dark brown taking on a friable texture and shrinking in volume with time.…”

Section: Wood Biodegradation Processmentioning

confidence: 92%

Translocation of Transition Metals During the Degradation of Pinus Radiata by Gloeophyllum Trabeum on the Forest Soil

Pozo¹,

Melín

Elissetche

et al. 2016

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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Brown rot fungi (BRF) are highly destructive wood degraders characterized by extensive degradation and mineralization of cellulose and hemicellulose, in most of the cases without causing a substantial removal of lignin. BRF have not a complete cellulase complex neither ligninolytic enzymes, therefore, has been hypothesized that to degrade wood components, a non-enzymatic mechanism based on •OH radicals production through Fenton reaction is also involved. The availability of iron limits the Fenton reaction in wood biodegradation by BRF, because this metal (and other transition metals) is found in small amounts in wood. For this reason, it has been postulated that the fungus transport metals from the soil. To study the effect of soil and transition metal translocation (Fe, Cu, and Mn) on wood biodegradation by the BRF Gloeophyllum trabeum, Pinus radiata wood chips (20 years old) were incubated with forest soil in stationary tray bioreactor for a period until 16 weeks. Translocation of transition metals, mass and wood components (extractives, carbohydrates, and lignin) loss, the decrease of holocellulose viscosity and oxalic acid production were determined at different intervals of time.Wood on soil showed a high translocation of transition metals mainly Fe. Translocation of soil metals into the wood was relevant for improving fungal growth and wood decay, which is correlated significantly with higher loss mass and wood components compared with degradation without soil.

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Structural Characterization of Brown-rotted Lignin

Cited by 62 publications

References 9 publications

Litter decomposition in forest ecosystems: a review

Litter decomposition in forest ecosystems: a review

Decomposition, δ¹³C, and the “lignin paradox”

Translocation of Transition Metals During the Degradation of Pinus Radiata by Gloeophyllum Trabeum on the Forest Soil

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Structural Characterization of Brown-rotted Lignin

Cited by 62 publications

References 9 publications

Litter decomposition in forest ecosystems: a review

Litter decomposition in forest ecosystems: a review

Decomposition, δ13C, and the “lignin paradox”

Translocation of Transition Metals During the Degradation of Pinus Radiata by Gloeophyllum Trabeum on the Forest Soil

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Product

Resources

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Decomposition, δ¹³C, and the “lignin paradox”