Decoherence of ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

Bauch, Erik; Singh, Swati; Lee, Junghyun; Hart, Connor; Schloss, Jennifer; Turner, Matthew; Barry, John F.; Pham, Linh; Bar‐Gill, Nir; Yelin, Susanne F.; Walsworth, Ronald L.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.102.134210

Cited by 142 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The P1 centers (as interrogated via EPR) exhibit a full-width-half-maximum linewidth of 910 kHz, of which approximately 300 kHz can be attributed to broadening from 13 C spins 6 . The residual 610 kHz linewidth suggests an approximate total nitrogen concentration [N T ]=18 ppm 59 , while integration of the P1 EPR signal suggests [N 0 s ] = 22 ppm. For simplicity we assume [N T ] = 20 ppm, which corresponds to an estimated NV − decoherence time T 2 = 8 μs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavity-enhanced microwave readout of a solid-state spin sensor

et al. 2021

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Overcoming poor readout is an increasingly urgent challenge for devices based on solid-state spin defects, particularly given their rapid adoption in quantum sensing, quantum information, and tests of fundamental physics. However, in spite of experimental progress in specific systems, solid-state spin sensors still lack a universal, high-fidelity readout technique. Here we demonstrate high-fidelity, room-temperature readout of an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers via strong coupling to a dielectric microwave cavity, building on similar techniques commonly applied in cryogenic circuit cavity quantum electrodynamics. This strong collective interaction allows the spin ensemble’s microwave transition to be probed directly, thereby overcoming the optical photon shot noise limitations of conventional fluorescence readout. Applying this technique to magnetometry, we show magnetic sensitivity approaching the Johnson–Nyquist noise limit of the system. Our results pave a clear path to achieve unity readout fidelity of solid-state spin sensors through increased ensemble size, reduced spin-resonance linewidth, or improved cavity quality factor.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavity-enhanced microwave readout of a solid-state spin sensor

et al. 2021

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“…In the case of time‐varying electromagnetic fields, there are other even more complex microwave pulse sequences, capable of decoupling the measurement from surrounding spin environment. [ 69 ] In this way, the coherence time of the NV centers increases and consequently it becomes possible to interrogate the quantum system for longer times, improving the measurement statistic and therefore the sensitivity. One of these experimental protocols is the Hahn Echo sequence, [ 70,71 ] which refocuses the dephasing NVs spin, applying an additional π pulse in the middle of Ramsey sequence.…”

Section: The Theory Of Quantum Sensing With Nv− Centersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is a Quantum Biosensing Revolution Approaching? Perspectives in NV‐Assisted Current and Thermal Biosensing in Living Cells

et al. 2020

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Understanding the human brain is one of the most significant challenges of the 21st century. As theoretical studies continue to improve the description of the complex mechanisms that regulate biological processes, in parallel numerous experiments are conducted to enrich or verify these theoretical predictions also with the aim of extrapolating more accurate models. In the fields of magnetometry and thermometry, among the various sensors proposed for biological application, nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers are emerging as a promising solution due to their perfect biocompatibility and the possibility of being positioned in close proximity to the cell membrane, thus allowing a nanometric spatial resolution down to the nano-scale. Still many issues must be overcome to obtain either a sensitivity capable of revealing the very weak electromagnetic fields generated by neurons (or other excitable cells) during their firing activity or a spatial resolution sufficient to measure intracellular thermal gradient due to biological processes. However, over the last few years, significant improvements have been achieved in this direction, thanks to the use of innovative techniques. In this review, the new results regarding the application of NV centers will be analyzed and the main challenges that must be afforded for leading to practical applications will be discussed.

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“…Measurements of T 2 and

T_{2}^{*}

for the nonirradiated area were also performed and the obtained values are 32 ± 8 μs for T 2 and 280 ± 40 ns for

T_{2}^{*}

. Previously, there was a detailed experimental study of the dependence of the NV center coherence time on the nitrogen concentration [ 24 ] and the angle between an external magnetic field and the NV center axis [ 25 ] for the case of uniformly doped diamonds. According to Bauch et al, [ 24 ] NV centers in diamond samples with uniform nitrogen doping have a limit for coherence time

T_{2} = 160 μ s \times ppm / n_{normalN}

, where

n_{normalN}

is the nitrogen concentration and 1 ppm = 1.77 × 10 17 cm −3 , so we can expect a T 2 coherence time of ≈2 μs for a concentration of 1.4 × 10 19 cm −3 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of High‐Density Nitrogen Vacancy Center Ensembles Created in Electron‐Irradiated and Vacuum‐Annealed Delta‐Doped Layers

Богданов

Горбачев

Radishev

et al. 2021

Physica Rapid Research Ltrs

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The creation of localized ensembles of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers by nitrogen delta doping of chemical vapor deposition diamond with subsequent irradiation of the delta layer by an electron beam with electron energy of 200 keV and annealing at a temperature of 1200 °C is investigated. The concentration of created NV centers is determined as a function of the irradiation dose, and their spin properties are studied. The creation of 2D ensembles of NV centers with a surface density of ≈2500 μm−2 and spin coherence time T2 ≈ 33 μs is demonstrated.

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Decoherence of ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

Cited by 142 publications

References 56 publications

Cavity-enhanced microwave readout of a solid-state spin sensor

Cavity-enhanced microwave readout of a solid-state spin sensor

Is a Quantum Biosensing Revolution Approaching? Perspectives in NV‐Assisted Current and Thermal Biosensing in Living Cells

Investigation of High‐Density Nitrogen Vacancy Center Ensembles Created in Electron‐Irradiated and Vacuum‐Annealed Delta‐Doped Layers

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