Declined Total Fertility Rate Among Immigrants and the Role of Newly Arrived Women in Norway

Tønnessen, Marianne

doi:10.1007/s10680-019-09541-0

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In previous research, immigrant women's fertility is often found to be relatively high after arrival but declining by duration of stay (Mayer and Riphahn 2000;Bélanger and Gilbert 2002;Andersson 2004;Sobotka 2008;and Tønnessen 2019). To explain patterns in immigrant fertility, the literature offers hypotheses of adaptation, socialization, selection, disruption, and interrelation of events (see Kulu 2005;Milewski 2010;Wilson 2015; or Adserà and Ferrer 2015 for comprehensive overviews).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertility patterns of migrants from low-fertility countries in Norway

Tønnessen¹,

Mussino²

2020

DemRes

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BACKGROUND Most research on migrant fertility focuses on immigrants from high-fertility countries who have moved to countries with lower fertility. Little is known about the fertility of immigrant women from countries where fertility is lower than in the destination country. OBJECTIVE This study investigates fertility rates among women from low-fertility countries who have moved to a country where fertility is comparatively higher (Norway). METHODS Register data on immigrant women from Poland, Lithuania, and Germany are used to calculate total fertility rates by duration of stay and to explore differences between family migrants and women who migrate for other reasons, between women of different ages at arrival, and between those who emigrated again and those who remained in Norway. RESULTS Among immigrants from low-fertility countries, total fertility rates are elevated in the first years after migration. This is particularly true for women from Poland and Lithuania, who often arrive as family migrants and at peak fertility age (25 to 34 years). CONTRIBUTION The fertility among migrants from low-fertility settings is often highest right after migration, particularly if they arrive as family migrants. Women with nonfamily reasons for migration have a time lag between immigration and peak fertility. The results underscore the usefulness of taking reason for and age at migration into account when studying immigrant fertility.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertility patterns of migrants from low-fertility countries in Norway

Tønnessen¹,

Mussino²

2020

DemRes

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“…Figure 3 thus generates insights about the role of year of arrival (birth cohort + age at arrival) in determining immigrant fertility. As we have argued elsewhere, such evidence points towards the importance of explanations that relate to year of arrival (Tønnessen 2019), which include period fluctuations in migration policies, changes in origin-country fertility norms (and childhood socialisation), as well as changes in the selectivity and composition of immigration to Norway. Thus, the reduced steepness of the slopes for younger cohorts also conveys information about changing period fertility-and over the last decades, the period TFR for immigrants in Norway has declined (Tønnessen 2019).…”

Section: Empirical Examples Using Register Datamentioning

confidence: 65%

Visualising Immigrant Fertility -- Profiles of Childbearing and their Implications for Migration Research

Tønnessen¹,

Wilson

2020

Int. Migration & Integration

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Different measures of fertility have strengths and limitations when used to describe the fertility of immigrants, and no single measure captures every aspect of this complex phenomenon. This paper introduces a novel visual framework that shows life course profiles of immigrant childbearing in a multifaceted way. It develops the well-known cohort fertility curve—showing the average number of children ever born over the life course—and adds lines for immigrant women arriving at different ages, using their average number of children born on arrival as a starting point. These immigrant fertility profiles can illustrate a number of important aspects of childbearing simultaneously, including children born before arrival, fertility after arrival and completed fertility at the end of childbearing. In addition to showing numbers of children born (i.e. fertility quantum), the slopes of each profile indicate the tempo of fertility and how this changes by age and duration of residence. The fertility profiles of different immigrant groups can be plotted in the same graph, and can be compared and contrasted with non-immigrant groups—at origin as well as destination—through the augmentation of each visualisation. Using Nordic register data, we illustrate how these fertility profiles can be used to expand our knowledge of immigrant childbearing and to investigate various hypotheses of migrant fertility, giving a novel overview of the relationships between fertility measures such as period and quantum, before and after arrival.

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“…In European countries with high immigration rates, migrants from higher fertility countries often retain higher fertility patterns in their host countries, and give a minor boost to the fertility rates in those countries (Sobotka 2008;Tønnessen 2019). In addition, migration among women is often interrelated with childbearing (see Andersson in this volume).…”

Section: Fertility Trends: the Shift Towards Unstable Delayed And Sub-replacement Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%