Decline or increase? The standing timber stock in Finland, 1800–1997

Myllyntaus, Timo; Mattila, Tiina

doi:10.1016/s0921-8009(02)00034-4

Cited by 39 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Conversion of these marginal lands avoided a trade-off between agriculture and forests. Progressively, substitution of fuelwood by coal and other fuels decreased the pressure on forests (32). Overall, these forest transitions were driven by structural factors, i.e., broad economic, technological, demographic, and sociopolitical trends, but also by contingent crises, personal agency of key individuals, and changes in environmental perception.…”

Section: Historical Forest Transitions In Europe and The United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In boreal regions, where natural regeneration takes place slowly, forest transitions occurred when timber production and exports became central to their economies (95). Tree plantations and intensive management were essential to maintain high extraction rates even when forest resources were still abundant (32). In other dryland or boreal regions, afforestation is promoted as a response to land degradation, e.g., in Iceland (96).…”

Section: Reforestation In Unfavorable Biophysical Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global Forest Transition: Prospects for an End to Deforestation

Meyfroidt

Lambin

2011

Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour.

544

324

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Although global rates of tropical deforestation remain alarmingly high, they have decreased over the period 2000-2010, and a handful of tropical developing countries have recently been through a forest transition-a shift from net deforestation to net reforestation. This review synthesizes existing knowledge on the occurrence, causes, and ecological impacts of forest transitions and examines the prospects and policy options for a global forest transition. The ecological quality of forest transitions depends on multiple factors, including the importance of natural forest regeneration versus plantations. Given an increased competition for productive land between different land uses, a global forest transition will require major technological and policy innovations to supply wood and agricultural products. In the globalization era, national strategies aimed at forest protection and sustainable use of forest resources may have unintended effects abroad owing to a displacement of land use across countries. Decisions by consumers combined with certification schemes and moratoriums have an increasing influence on the fate of forests. 343

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Section: Historical Forest Transitions In Europe and The United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reforestation In Unfavorable Biophysical Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Forest Transition: Prospects for an End to Deforestation

Meyfroidt

Lambin

2011

Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour.

544

324

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“…However, despite the hard conditions, people lived in their villages and practised small-scale farming, as well as logging wood for buildings and, most importantly, for heating houses in the long winters (Soininen 1974;Myllyntaus & Mattila 2002). The forests close to the villages were gradually consumed, and there was a spread in open clearance surrounding the villages.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of boreal forest structures near abandoned villages in Western White Sea Karelia, Russia

Tikkanen

Руоколайнен

Heikkilä

2014

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research

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Regeneration of natural forest structures and dead wood has a key role in the long-term maintenance of biodiversity in most parts of the boreal zone. In order to obtain benchmarks for practical dead wood management rapidly, we utilised unintended historical experiments in land use by studying the recovery of forests surrounding abandoned villages along 2.5-km transects in NW Russia. The signs of past human forest use declined as a function of distance from villages. We found that the closest forests were 130 yr old or younger and contained very few elements typical of natural forests. Forests at a distance of between 1 and 1.5 km were older than 150 yr but showed marks of selective cuttings and had a less complete continuum of dead wood than forests that were 2-2.5 km from the villages. The most remote stands, which were generally older than 200 yr, predominantly had no signs of past forest use and had the most diverse dead wood composition. Our study shows that full recovery of the dead wood continuum in middle boreal forests is a slow process and also that less intensive past forest use can have a significant effect on the dead wood continuum.

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“…Finnish forests have been widely utilized, so few areas can be considered untouched by man (Lehtonen 1997, Kouki et al 2001, Myllyntaus and Mattila 2002, Uotila et al 2002. The first forms of utilization, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A relation between historical forest use and current dead woody material in a boreal protected old-growth forest in Finland

Rouvinen¹,

Rautiainen²,

Kouki³

2005

Silva Fenn.

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Assessing the human impact on the naturalness and vegetation characteristics of protected areas is one of the key issues when designing forest conservation networks in Fennoscandia. We studied the small-scale, detailed relationship between forest utilization history and the current availability of dead woody material in a protected old-growth forest area in North Karelia, eastern Finland. From the study area of 32.4 ha, all the stumps (diameter ≥ 5 cm and height < 1.3 m, classified as natural, man-made and of undetermined origin) were measured using 25 × 25 m sub-plots. Standing and fallen dead trees (dbh ≥ 5 cm) were measured on 50 × 50 m plots in an area of 7.8 ha. The average number of stumps was 130 per ha, and over half of the stumps were classified as man-made. However, the historical documents since the 1910s showed no logging in the area: some of the largest man-made stumps probably originated from an earlier time, but most of those stumps were made considerably later. The variation in the total number of stumps (per ha) was great (range 0-560/ha, 0-16 m 2 /ha), with no clear clustering in space. However, clustering of man-made stumps was detected. The average volume of pooled standing and fallen trees was 84 m 3 /ha, with a range of 37-146 m 3 /ha. The other noticeable man-made disturbance besides logging was notching of aspens, which has a scatteredly significant influence on the amount of dead trees. In conclusion, the protected old-growth forest was not as a whole in a natural state but showed different degrees of human impact from virtually untouched patches to quite heavily managed patches. The results suggest that the number of manmade stumps may be a relatively quick and easy method of assessing the naturalness of woody biomass structure in the Fennoscandian boreal forests.

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Decline or increase? The standing timber stock in Finland, 1800–1997

Cited by 39 publications

References 2 publications

Global Forest Transition: Prospects for an End to Deforestation

Global Forest Transition: Prospects for an End to Deforestation

Recovery of boreal forest structures near abandoned villages in Western White Sea Karelia, Russia

A relation between historical forest use and current dead woody material in a boreal protected old-growth forest in Finland

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