Decline of hepatitis a antibodies during the first 7 months of life in full-term and preterm infants

Linder, Nehama; Karetnyi, Yuori; Gidony, Yariv; Dagan, Ron; Ohel, Gonen; Sapir, Einav; Mendelson, Ella; Barzilai, Asher

doi:10.1007/bf02560513

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These children might have contracted the illness outside the The high prevalence of total anti-HAV (71.4%) in children under 7 months of age who tested negative for IgM anti-HAV strongly suggests passive acquisition of maternal antibodies. However, previous studies have shown that, after 7 months of age, maternal antibodies diminish rapidly, favoring the occurrence of early infection (Vitral et al 1998, Linder et al 1999). In our study, 26.7% of the children aged 7 months to 1 year had already had acute HAV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Early infection and asymptomatic spread of hepatitis A virus in a public child care center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: should attending children under two years of age be vaccinated?

Morais

Paula

Arantes³

et al. 2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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A cross-sectional study was conducted in order to identify hepatitis A virus (HAV) serological markers in 418 individuals (mean age, 16.4 years; range, 1 month-80 respectively, in 89.5% (374/418) and 10.5% (44/418) IA and IB in 93.3% (28/30) Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a hepatotropic virus and a member of the Hepatovirus genus within the Picornaviridae family (Minor 1991). The virus is responsible for the majority of the acute hepatitis cases in Brazil (Gaspar et al. 1996), and infection symptoms are age-related. Among HAV-infected individuals, children under 6 years old are typically asymptomatic, whereas older children and adults develop jaundice or present dark urine. The prevalence of HAV infection is closely correlated with the level of environmental sanitation and with prevailing socioeconomic and hygiene conditions. The incidence of HAV is higher in developing countries, although the pattern of HAV endemicity in several of these countries has dropped from high to intermediary due to improvements in sanitation conditions in recent decades (Tapia-Conyer et al. 1999, Tanaka 2000. As a consequence, increasing proportions of those populations have had no contact with HAV and are therefore more susceptible to infection. In Brazil, hepatitis A is still considered an endemic disease, although data collected in the state of Rio de Janeiro indicate that a shift in the hepatitis A epidemiological pattern has taken place (Santos et al. 2002, Villar et al. 2002. of the individuals tested. Acute HAV infection in children was independently correlated with crawling (p < 0.05). In 56.8% (25/44) of the IgM anti-HAV-positive individuals and in 33.3% (5/15) of the IgM anti-HAV-negative individuals presenting clinical symptoms, HAV RNA was detected. Phylogenetic analysis revealed co-circulation of subgenotypesThe virus is usually transmitted via the fecal-oral route, either through person-to-person contact or through in- (Gehlbach et al. 1973, Williams et al. 1975. Results of some studies have suggested that HAV is transmitted mainly by children with either asymptomatic or subclinical infection. Lack of proper hygiene facilitates HAV transmission from such children to their relatives and friends, as well as to child care center staff members (Castelli et al. 1999, Poovorawan et al. 2005.The HAV strains have been classified into six genotypes (I to VI), based on nucleotide sequences of the VP1/2A junction region (Robertson et al. 1992. Prevalent human strains fall into genotypes I or III, each of which are divided into subtypes A and B. In Brazil, co-circulation of subgenotypes IA and IB have been found in Rio de Janeiro , Villar et al. 2004. Circulation of subgenotype IA has also been detected in other regions of Brazil (de Paula et al. 2004).Since it was first reported that HAV was able to propagate in cell culture (Provost et al. 1979), there have been many attempts to develop an HAV vaccine. In the United States and some other countries, safe and effective formalin-inactivated HAV vaccines against hepatitis A have ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Early infection and asymptomatic spread of hepatitis A virus in a public child care center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: should attending children under two years of age be vaccinated?

Morais

Paula

Arantes³

et al. 2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…In an endemic area such as Israel, where approximately 50% of newborns have anti-HAV antibodies, it has been shown that at the age of 7 mo only 13% of fullterm infants had protective levels (12). This may justify the vaccination of infants in a region endemic for HAV, as even the initially seropositive infants were primed despite maternal antibody interference (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decline of maternal hepatitis A virus antibody levels in infants

Silvestri¹,

Avanzini²,

Terulla³

et al. 2002

Acta Paediatrica

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Hepatitis A is a common viral infection causing substantial morbidity and mortality. The anti‐hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccination in infants would guarantee control of the infection. However, the immunogenicity of the HAV vaccine in infants could be impaired by the presence of passively acquired maternal HAV antibodies. This study evaluated the prevalence of HAV antibodies in 103 women at delivery and in their babies in the first year of life. Eighteen mothers (17.5%) had anti‐HAV serum level < 10 mIU ml‐1. In their infants the anti‐HAV level was still positive in 11 out of 18 (61.1%) at 12 mo. Two out of 85 infants born to anti‐HAV‐negative mothers and anti‐HAV negative at birth were found to be positive at 5 mo of age. Conclusion: It is proposed that all women be screened at delivery for anti‐HAV antibodies. Children born to anti‐HAV‐negative mothers could be vaccinated early during the first year of life, whereas vaccination could be postponed in children born to anti‐HAV‐positive mothers, if necessary.

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“…Com isso, Israel tornou-se o primeiro país a instituir um programa nacional de imunização contra a Hepatite A. Nos EUA, a vacinação foi liberada para crianças com mais de 2 anos, mas nas regiões com alta prevalência do vírus A admite-se que a melhor idade para vacinálas é antes de entrarem em contato com o VHA. Estudos feitos por Linder et al 9 mostraram o declínio dos anticorpos maternos no 1º semestre, a utilização da vacina concomitante com DTPa e a resposta positiva à vacina contra hepatite A de lactentes com anticorpos maternos positivos, justificando a vacinação no primeiro ano de vida em regiões de alta prevalência de VHA. A utilização de vacinação universal abre, evi-dentemente, a perspectiva de erradicação da hepatite A no mundo.…”

Section: Hepatite Viral Aunclassified

Hepatites virais: aspectos da epidemiologia e da prevenção

Ferreira

Silveira

2004

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

154

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As hepatites virais são doenças causadas por diferentes agentes etiológicos, de distribuição universal, que têm em comum o hepatotropismo. Possuem semelhanças do ponto de vista clínico-laboratorial, mas apresentam importantes diferenças epidemiológicas e quanto à sua evolução. As últimas décadas foram de notáveis conquistas no que se refere à prevenção e ao controle das hepatites virais. Entre as doenças endêmico-epidêmicas, que representam problemas importantes de saúde pública no Brasil, salientam-se as Hepatites Virais, cujo comportamento epidemiológico, no nosso país e no mundo, tem sofrido grandes mudanças nos últimos anos. A melhoria das condições de higiene e de saneamento das populações, a vacinação contra a Hepatite B e as novas técnicas moleculares de diagnóstico do vírus da Hepatite C estão entre esses avanços importantes. As condições do nosso país: sua heterogeneidade socioeconômica, a distribuição irregular dos serviços de saúde, a incorporação desigual de tecnologia avançada para diagnóstico e tratamento de enfermidades, são elementos importantes que devem ser considerados na avaliação do processo endemo-epidêmico das hepatites virais. O números de pacientes infectados é incerto, relacionado geralmente a alguns Estados e municípios brasileiros, e o esclarecimento dos agentes causadores das hepatites, cuja identificação requer técnicas laboratoriais complexas de biologia molecular, é realizado de maneira insuficiente. Por outro lado, "a progressiva integração entre as instâncias gestoras dos programas de vigilância e controle das doenças com grupos de pesquisa e desses com os serviços" e a disponibilização de bancos de dados nacionais mais confiáveis apontam para novos e melhores caminhos. No presente artigo é feita uma revisão sucinta das hepatites A, B e C, as mais freqüentes no nosso país, assim como de sua epidemiologia e das estratégias preferenciais para a prevenção dessas doenças.

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Decline of hepatitis a antibodies during the first 7 months of life in full-term and preterm infants

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Early infection and asymptomatic spread of hepatitis A virus in a public child care center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: should attending children under two years of age be vaccinated?

Early infection and asymptomatic spread of hepatitis A virus in a public child care center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: should attending children under two years of age be vaccinated?

Decline of maternal hepatitis A virus antibody levels in infants

Hepatites virais: aspectos da epidemiologia e da prevenção

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