“…Since its introduction, there has been a series of investigation aimed at testing the generalizability of the CSI across different countries: the USA (Lysonski, Durvasula & Zotos, 1996;Wickliffe, 2004), South Korea (Hafstrom, Chae & Chung, 1992;Wickliffe, 2004), China (Fan & Xiao, 1998;Hiu, Siu, Wang & Chang, 2001), New Zealand (Durvasula, Lysonski & Andrews, 1993;Lysonski et al, 1996), Greece (Lysonski et al, 1996), India (Lysonski et al 1996;Canabal, 2001), Germany (Walsh, Mitchell & Thurau, 2001), UK (Mitchell & Bates, 1998), South Africa (Radder, Li & Pietersen, 2006), Turkey (Gonen & Ozmete, 2006), Brazil (Dos Santos & Fernandes, 2006), Iran (Hanzaee & Aghasibeig, 2008) and Malaysia (Mokhlis, 2009;Wan Omar et al 2009). These studies confirmed varying portions of the original CSI, indicating that the US eight factors are not consistent in other cultures.…”