Deciphering the genetic basis of animal domestication

Wiener, Pamela; Wilkinson, Samantha

doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.1376

Cited by 90 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…In particular, the average allelic and genetic diversity found in our work exceeds that reported for a caprine gene pool from the geographic center of goat domestication in Iran and Pakistan (Di et al, 2011;Vahidi et al, 2014). This result was unexpected because genetic diversity, for most livestock species, tends to be negatively correlated with geographic distance from the center of domestication (Groeneveld et al, 2010;Wiener and Wilkinson, 2011). Pereira et al (2009) reported high maternal (mtDNA) and paternal (Y-chromosome) genetic diversity among goat populations from Northern Africa.…”

Section: Allelic and Genetic Diversitycontrasting

confidence: 55%

Genetic diversity and structure of goats within an early livestock dispersal area in Eastern North Africa

Elbeltagy¹,

Aboul-Naga²,

Hassen³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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In this study we genotyped 14 microsatellites to assess genetic diversity, population stratification and demographic dynamics using Egyptian local goats (Zaraibi, Baladi, Saidi and Barki) and the Shami (Damascus) goat from the Middle East and West Asia close to the geographic center of goat domestication. We observed high levels of allelic and genetic diversity that was partitioned into six gene pools. Cluster analyses separated Zaraibi and Shami, which were identified with independent gene pools of potential ancestral backgrounds. The analyses provided further evidence for extensive sharing of genetic variation, revealing, varying levels of admixture among the study populations. This finding was supported by AMOVA analysis, which indicated that the proportion of genetic variation due to differences among populations was 7.06%. Our results most likely indicate that multiple waves of introduction of diverse gene pools and recent flock intermixing has created and maintained a unique set of caprine biodiversity in Eastern North Africa emphasizing the importance of the region as one of the hotbeds of African animal biodiversity.

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Section: Allelic and Genetic Diversitycontrasting

confidence: 55%

Genetic diversity and structure of goats within an early livestock dispersal area in Eastern North Africa

Elbeltagy¹,

Aboul-Naga²,

Hassen³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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“…Comparing with the wild camel, we found that an overall lower heterozygosity rate exists in the exon regions but not in other parts of the domestic camel genome, suggesting an artificial selection for certain genes in the domestic species30. As strong artificial selection would reduce genetic diversity around a locus (selective sweep)31, it was worth inspecting the genes and their functions in such a locus. We therefore used 10-kb windows to scan the genome to identify regions where the heterozygosity rate of the domestic camel is significantly lower than the wild one ( P <0.05 after Bonferroni correction, χ 2 -test) (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Genome sequences of wild and domestic bactrian camels

Jirimutu¹,

Wang²,

Ding³

et al. 2012

Nat Commun

153

105

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Bactrian camels serve as an important means of transportation in the cold desert regions of China and Mongolia. Here we present a 2.01 Gb draft genome sequence from both a wild and a domestic bactrian camel. We estimate the camel genome to be 2.38 Gb, containing 20,821 protein-coding genes. Our phylogenomics analysis reveals that camels shared common ancestors with other even-toed ungulates about 55–60 million years ago. Rapidly evolving genes in the camel lineage are significantly enriched in metabolic pathways, and these changes may underlie the insulin resistance typically observed in these animals. We estimate the genome-wide heterozygosity rates in both wild and domestic camels to be 1.0 × 10−3. However, genomic regions with significantly lower heterozygosity are found in the domestic camel, and olfactory receptors are enriched in these regions. Our comparative genomics analyses may also shed light on the genetic basis of the camel's remarkable salt tolerance and unusual immune system.

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“…As a result, many beneficial alleles were fixed or nearly fixed in specificl breeds as genetic changes occurred in population differentiation accompanying the domestication preocess28. In our study, the 54-bp insertion allele frequencies in the ancestor, indigenous and modern chickens displayed significant population differentiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

A short insertion mutation disrupts genesis of miR-16 and causes increased body weight in domesticated chicken

Jia

Lin

Nie

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Body weight is one of the most important quantitative traits with high heritability in chicken. We previously mapped a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for body weight by genome-wide association study (GWAS) in an F2 chicken resource population. To identify the causal mutations linked to this QTL, expression profiles were determined on livers of high-weight and low-weight chicken lines by microarray. Combining the expression pattern with SNP effects by GWAS, miR-16 was identified as the most likely potential candidate with a 3.8-fold decrease in high-weight lines. Re-sequencing revealed that a 54-bp insertion mutation in the upstream region of miR-15a-16 displayed high allele frequencies in high-weight commercial broiler line. This mutation resulted in lower miR-16 expression by introducing three novel splicing sites instead of the missing 5′ terminal splicing of mature miR-16. Elevating miR-16 significantly inhibited DF-1 chicken embryo cell proliferation, consistent with a role in suppression of cellular growth. The 54-bp insertion was significantly associated with increased body weight, bone size and muscle mass. Also, the insertion mutation tended towards fixation in commercial broilers (Fst > 0.4). Our findings revealed a novel causative mutation for body weight regulation that aids our basic understanding of growth regulation in birds.

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Deciphering the genetic basis of animal domestication

Cited by 90 publications

References 85 publications

Genetic diversity and structure of goats within an early livestock dispersal area in Eastern North Africa

Genetic diversity and structure of goats within an early livestock dispersal area in Eastern North Africa

Genome sequences of wild and domestic bactrian camels

A short insertion mutation disrupts genesis of miR-16 and causes increased body weight in domesticated chicken

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