Deception by Implication: A Typology of Truthful but Misleading Advertising and Labeling Claims

Hastak, Manoj; Mazis, Michael B.

doi:10.1509/jppm.30.2.157

Cited by 89 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…As suggested by previous research, healthy eating campaigns need to do more to clarify specifically what a healthy diet looks like (Hastak & Mazis, 2011;Scammon et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Impact of Consumer Confusion on Nutrition Literacy and Subsequent Dietary Behavior

Cornish

Moraes

2015

Psychology and Marketing

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This paper examines the impact of consumer confusion on nutrition knowledge, literacy, and dietary behavior. While previous research largely focuses on understanding why consumers might not respond to healthy eating communications, this paper seeks to uncover the various behavioral responses to such campaigns, particularly those that contravene health communication objectives. Using an interpretive methodology, findings suggest that most participants do respond to health communications by striving to eat healthily, but inadequate nutrition information derived from unreliable sources, flawed baseline nutrition knowledge, and poor nutrition literacy hinder participants' efforts. Inconsistent, incomplete, and contradictory information leaves many participants feeling confused about how to implement healthy eating habits. Further, a lack of ability to differentiate between credible and unreliable sources of nutrition information means that many participants blame their confusion on policy-makers, and express frustration and cynicism towards vague and often contradictory communications. This, in turn, increases participants' reliance on food adverts, product labels, and other commercial sources of ambiguous yet appealing information. The paper's theoretical contribution includes a consumer confusion framework for healthy eating, and policy implications highlight that health campaigns seeking to increase consumer awareness of healthy eating are not enough. Policymakers must become the most credible sources of information about healthy eating, and distinguish themselves from competing and unreliable sources of nutrition information.Keywords: Nutrition Knowledge; Nutrition Literacy; Consumer Confusion. The Impact of Consumer Confusion on Nutrition Literacy and Subsequent Dietary BehaviorThe aim of this research is to explore whether consumer confusion regarding healthy eating and nutrition information has a negative impact on nutrition knowledge and literacy, as well as on dietary behaviors. Healthy eating can be defined as the eating behaviors that enable a person to achieve "a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" (World Health Organization [WHO], 2007). The best health outcomes are associated with balanced dietary patterns that boast high intakes of fruits, vegetables and grains, not just eating or avoiding a single food (Nestle, 2007;Wansink, 2007). Nutrition literacy is essential to healthy eating: it can be seen as the end result of many pushes and pulls, and a response to multiple forces that create an overall nutrition environment (Blaylock, Smallwood, Kassel, Variyam & Aldrich, 1999). One such pull is the rise of healthy eating communications, and social marketing campaigns devised by policy-makers who seek to encourage healthier dietary habits among consumers. Indeed, the dramatic rise in obesity over the past decade (Finkelstein et al., 2012;Stevens et al., 2012) has prompted academic discourse to assist the development of interv...

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“…As suggested by previous research, healthy eating campaigns need to do more to clarify specifically what a healthy diet looks like (Hastak & Mazis, 2011;Scammon et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Impact of Consumer Confusion on Nutrition Literacy and Subsequent Dietary Behavior

Cornish

Moraes

2015

Psychology and Marketing

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“…At any rate, although the definitions and typologies of misleading and deceptive advertising are numerous, they focus on visual and verbal (i.e. semantic and rhetorical) claims and not representations of sounds (Boush et al, 2009;Hastak and Mazis, 2011). It is thus unclear whether -and, if so, to what extentmisleading or deceptive advertising manifests and are responded to in the context of nonmusical sound branding.…”

Section: Non-musical Sound Brandingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-musical sound branding – a conceptualization and research overview

Graakjær

Bonde

2018

EJM

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to advance the understanding of sound branding by developing a new conceptual framework and providing an overview of the research literature on non-musical sound. Design/methodology/approach Using four mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive types of non-musical sound, the paper assesses and synthesizes 99 significant studies across various scholarly fields. Findings The overview reveals two areas in which more research may be warranted, that is, non-musical atmospherics and non-musical sonic logos. Moreover, future sound-branding research should examine in further detail the potentials of developed versus annexed object sounds, and mediated versus unmediated brand sounds. Research limitations/implications The paper provides important insights into critical issues that suggest directions for further research on non-musical sound branding. Practical implications The paper identifies an unexploited terrain of possibilities for the use of sound in marketing and branding. Originality/value The paper identifies a subfield within sound-branding research that has received little attention despite its inevitability and potential significance.

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“…This problem may be particularly acute if a consumer has specific nutrition information needs such as someone with a chronic health condition (Andrews et al, 2011). Simplistic labels such as the Smart Choices icon create health halos that result in semantic confusion for consumers (Hastak & Mazis, 2011) who assume that the product is healthy on all dimensions. Other aspects of packaging such as the placement of pictures (Deng & Kahn, 2009), the number of units displayed (Madzharov & Block, 2010), as well as the texture or weight of the product package itself (Krishna & Morrin, 2008) influence consumer judgments of product taste and healthfulness.…”

Section: Packaging As a Communication Vehiclementioning

confidence: 99%

Applying industry practices to promote healthy foods: An exploration of positive marketing outcomes

Bublitz

Peracchio

2015

Journal of Business Research

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Deception by Implication: A Typology of Truthful but Misleading Advertising and Labeling Claims

Cited by 89 publications

References 50 publications

The Impact of Consumer Confusion on Nutrition Literacy and Subsequent Dietary Behavior

The Impact of Consumer Confusion on Nutrition Literacy and Subsequent Dietary Behavior

Non-musical sound branding – a conceptualization and research overview

Applying industry practices to promote healthy foods: An exploration of positive marketing outcomes

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