Deception and nondeception in guilty knowledge and guilty actions polygraph tests.

Bradley, Michael T.; MacLaren, Vance V.; Carle, Steven B.

doi:10.1037/0021-9010.81.2.153

Cited by 58 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This study focused on the external validity of the mock-crime paradigm, which has been used extensively in the past 3 decades to evaluate the validity of the GKT (e.g., Ben-Shakhar & Dolev, 1996;Ben-Shakhar et al, 1999;Bradley, MacLaren, & Carle, 1996;Bradley & Rettinger, 1992;Davidson, 1968;Lykken, 1959). We showed that the standard mock-crime procedure, applied in most of these studies, may have weak external validity because it does not tap several factors, which operate in the realistic situation and may reduce memory of some relevant items.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Validity of the Guilty Knowledge Test From Simulated Experiments: The External Validity of Mock Crime Studies.

Carmel¹,

Dayan²,

A³

et al. 2003

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

102

134

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This experiment was designed to examine the external validity of the standard mock-crime procedure used extensively to evaluate the validity of polygraph tests. The authors manipulated the type of mock-crime procedure (standard vs. a more realistic version) and the time of test (immediate vs. delayed) and examined their effects on the validity of the Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT) and the recall rate of the relevant items. The results indicated that only the type of mock-crime affected the 2 outcome variables. The realistic procedure was associated with a lower recall rate and weaker detection efficiency than the standard procedure. However, these effects were mediated by the type of GKT questions used. Practical implications of these results are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Validity of the Guilty Knowledge Test From Simulated Experiments: The External Validity of Mock Crime Studies.

Carmel¹,

Dayan²,

A³

et al. 2003

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

102

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(Farwell & Donchin, 1991). The participant is instructed to respond "No" to each answer while physiological measures (e.g., heart rate, skin conductivity) are registered (see e.g., Ben-Shakhar & Dolev, 1996;Bradley, MacLaren, & Carle, 1996; for a review, see MacLaren, 2001). Thus, in some sense this test is a variant of what is known as a lie detection test, with the aim of detecting suspects' knowledge about a crime instead of detecting lying.…”

Section: Abstract Eye Movements Concealed Information Test Guiltymentioning

confidence: 99%

The revealing glance: Eye gaze behavior to concealed information

Schwedes

Wentura

2011

Mem Cogn

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We explored the usefulness of eye fixation durations as a dependent measure in a concealed knowledge test, drawing on Ryan, Hannula, and Cohen (2007), who found eye fixations on a familiar face to be longer than fixations on an unknown face. However, in their study, participants always had to select the known face out of three faces; thus, recognition and response intention could not be differentiated. In the experimental phase of our experiment, participants saw six faces per trial and had to select one of them. We had three conditions: In the first, one of the six faces was a known face, and the participants had to conceal that knowledge and select another face (concealed display); in another, one of the six faces was a known face, and the participants had to select that face (revealed display); or finally, all six faces were unknown, and participants had to select any of the six faces (neutral display). Using fixation durations as the dependent measure, we found a pure and early recognition effect; that is, fixations on the concealed faces (known but not selected) were longer than fixations on the nonselected unknown target faces in the neutral display. In addition, we found a response intention effect; that is, fixation durations on the selected known faces were longer than those on concealed faces (known but not selected).

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“…Likewise, a demonstration of the effectiveness of the apparative detection procedure enhances the physiological response differences (Stern et al, 1981;Saxe, 1991), as does a lack of perceived success in deceiving (Gustafson and Orne, 1965). The same holds for a stronger intention to deceive (Furedy and Ben-Shakhar, 1991), a greater response conflict between the predominant truthful and the required deceptive answer (Furedy and Ben-Shakhar, 1991;Bradley et al, 1996), and a greater attentiveness throughout the test (countered by countermeasures; see, e.g., Elaad and Ben-Shakhar, 1991). In addition, an "active" questioning format (e.g., "Did you steal this object?")…”

Section: Social Aspects and The Citmentioning

confidence: 79%

Face and voice as social stimuli enhance differential physiological responding in a Concealed Information Test

Ambach

2012

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Attentional, intentional, and motivational factors are known to influence the physiological responses in a Concealed Information Test (CIT). Although concealing information is essentially a social action closely related to motivation, CIT studies typically rely on testing participants in an environment lacking of social stimuli: subjects interact with a computer while sitting alone in an experimental room.To address this gap, we examined the influence of social stimuli on the physiological responses in a CIT. Seventy-one participants underwent a mock-crime experiment with a modified CIT. In a between-subjects design, subjects were either questioned acoustically by a pre-recorded male voice presented together with a virtual male experimenter's uniform face or by a text field on the screen, which displayed the question devoid of face and voice. Electrodermal activity (EDA), respiration line length (RLL), phasic heart rate (pHR), and finger pulse waveform length (FPWL) were registered. The Psychopathic Personality Inventory -Revised (PPI-R) was administered in addition.The differential responses of RLL, pHR, and FPWL to probe vs. irrelevant items were greater in the condition with social stimuli than in the text condition; interestingly, the differential responses of EDA did not differ between conditions. No modulatory influence of the PPI-R sum or subscale scores was found. The results emphasize the relevance of social aspects in the process of concealing information and in its detection. Attentional demands as well as the participants' motivation to avoid detection might be the important links between social stimuli and physiological responses in the CIT.

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Deception and nondeception in guilty knowledge and guilty actions polygraph tests.

Cited by 58 publications

References 29 publications

Estimating the Validity of the Guilty Knowledge Test From Simulated Experiments: The External Validity of Mock Crime Studies.

Estimating the Validity of the Guilty Knowledge Test From Simulated Experiments: The External Validity of Mock Crime Studies.

The revealing glance: Eye gaze behavior to concealed information

Face and voice as social stimuli enhance differential physiological responding in a Concealed Information Test

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