Decentralized Frequency Control for Black Start of Full-Converter Wind Turbines

Asensio, Andrés Peña; Arnaltes, Santiago; Rodriguez-Amenedo, José Luis; Cardiel-Alvarez, Miguel Angel

doi:10.1109/tec.2020.3011611

Cited by 18 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Unlike other renewable technologies, wind generation does have a real kinetic energy buffer because of the rotor and blades. However, that energy is limited and care should be taken when extracting energy from the rotor by slowing it down, as there is a limit to the power that can be extracted before the turbine stability is compromised [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Wind Farms to the Stability of Power Systems with High Penetration of Renewables

et al. 2021

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Power system inertia is being reduced because of the increasing penetration of renewable energies, most of which use power electronic interfaces with the grid. This paper analyses the contribution of inertia emulation and droop control to the power system stability. Although inertia emulation may appear the best option to mitigate frequency disturbances, a thorough analysis of the shortcomings that face real-time implementations shows the opposite. Measurement noise and response delay for inertia emulation hinder controller performance, while the inherently fast droop response of electronic converters provides better frequency support. System stability, expressed in terms of rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) and frequency nadir, is therefore improved with droop control, compared to inertia emulation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Wind Farms to the Stability of Power Systems with High Penetration of Renewables

et al. 2021

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“…Hence, the VSYNC needs to be augmented with voltage control loop to enable black-start capability. Further, although it is expected that VSMs with grid-forming capability can perform black-start, it is essential for this capability to be verified via simulations in islanded operating mode [104].…”

Section: Summary Of Vsm Topologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Control of Virtual Synchronous Machine Based Energy Systems

Baruwa¹

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Conventionally, the operation and stability of power systems have been governed by the dynamics of large synchronous generators (SGs) which provide the inertial support required to maintain the resilience and stability of the power system. How-ever, the commitment of the UK to drive a zero-carbon economy is accelerating the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into the power system. Since the dynamics and operation of RESs diﬀers from SGs, the large-scale integration of RESs will signiﬁcantly impact the control and stability of the power system.This thesis focuses on the design of grid-friendly control algorithms termed virtual synchronous machines (VSMs), which mimic the desirable characteristics of SGs. Although several VSM topologies have been proposed in literature, most of them require further modiﬁcations before they can be integrated into the grid. Hence, a novel VSM algorithm for permanent magnet synchronous generator based wind turbines has been proposed in this thesis.The proposed VSM performs seamlessly in all operating modes and enables maxi-mum power point tracking in grid-connected operation (assuming strong grid), load following power generation in islanded mode and fault ride-through during faults. To ensure optimal performance of the VSM in all operating modes, a comprehensive stability analysis of the VSM was performed in the event of small and large per-turbations. The result of the analysis was used to establish design guidelines and operational limits of the VSM.This thesis further evaluates the impact of VSMs on the power systems low-frequency oscillations (LFOs). A detailed two-machine test-bed was developed to analyze the LFOs which exists when VSMs replace SGs. The characteristics of the LFO modes and the dominant states was comprehensively analyzed. The LFO modes which exists in an all-VSM grid was also analyzed. Further, the role of the power system stabilizers in an all-VSM grid was comprehensively evaluated. An IEEE benchmark two-area four-machine system was employed to validate the results of the small-signal analysis.The analysis and time-domain simulations in this thesis were performed in the MAT-LAB/SIMULINK environment.

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