Contribution of Wind Farms to the Stability of Power Systems with High Penetration of Renewables

Martínez, Jesús Castro; Arnaltes, Santiago; Alonso-Martínez, Jaime; Rodriguez-Amenedo, José Luis

doi:10.3390/en14082207

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…An increase in inverter‐based renewable energy reduces the number of operational synchronous generators, thus decreasing the system's inertia, according to (). A decrease in system inertia degrades the frequency stability by increasing the rate of change of frequency (RoCof) and degrading the frequency nadir [31]. Recently, renewable energy sources have been used to control active and reactive power outputs using existing technologies and strategies [32–37].…”

Section: Non‐synchronous Generation In South Koreamentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of maximum non‐synchronous generation of renewable energy in the South Korea power system based on the minimum level of inertia

Im,

Lee,

Lee

2024

IET Renewable Power Gen

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Managing the output of renewable energy sources considering their uncertainty and variability is crucial for resilience in power system operation. In addition, analyzing stability issues that may arise at the maximum output is important to ensure power system stability. Therefore, the authors propose a method for estimating the maximum non‐synchronous generation (Max NSG) of renewable energy based on the minimum inertia of the power system. The minimum inertia is determined through the correlation between the available and required quantity of inertia and governor resources, satisfying the frequency standards in a South Korean power system. The Max NSG of renewable energy sources at that system inertia level is estimated based on the derived minimum inertia. The proposed method was applied to 22,612 operation data extracted from the Korea energy management system (K‐EMS). The authors estimated a linear relationship between demand levels and Max NSG, ranging from 52.6 to 3.83 GW. The study shows that Max NSG, which is difficult to estimate in many power system operating conditions, can be estimated based on minimum inertia considering the frequency stability in South Korean power systems.

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Section: Non‐synchronous Generation In South Koreamentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of maximum non‐synchronous generation of renewable energy in the South Korea power system based on the minimum level of inertia

Im,

Lee,

Lee

2024

IET Renewable Power Gen

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…FOC, also known as vector control, sets a two-dimensional rotating reference, called d-q, whose direct axis is usually aligned with the stator magnetic flux. Under this scheme, the torque and the active power are proportional to the q-axis component of the rotor current, whereas the q-axis component is used to regulate the reactive power flow [27,40,[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]. Figure 10 depicts the control of a DFIG with some of the additional controllers discussed in this article.…”

Section: Variable-speed Wind Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provision of Frequency Response from Wind Farms: A Review

et al. 2021

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Renewable sources of energy play a key role in the process of decarbonizing modern electric power systems. However, some renewable sources of energy operate in an intermittent, non-dispatchable way, which may affect the balance of the electrical grid. In this scenario, wind turbine generators must participate in the system frequency control to avoid jeopardizing the transmission and distribution systems. For that reason, additional control strategies are needed to ensure the frequency response of variable-speed wind turbines. This review article analyzes diverse control strategies at different levels which are aimed at contributing to power balancing and system frequency control, including energy storage systems.

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“…These problems negatively impact µG stability and cause system collapse [8]. According to the previously stated problems, dynamic stability (e.g., frequency/voltage control) and control techniques should be provided with high concern [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Virtual Inertia Control for Microgrids with High-Penetration Renewables Based on Whale Optimization

et al. 2022

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High penetration of renewable energy sources into isolated microgrids (µGs) is considered a critical challenge, as µGs’ operation at low inertia results in frequency stability problems. To solve this challenge, virtual inertia control based on an energy storage system is applied to enhance the inertia and damping properties of the µG. On the other hand, utilization of a phase-locked loop (PLL) is indispensable for measuring system frequency; however, its dynamics, such as measurement delay and noise generation, cause extra deterioration of frequency stability. In this paper, to improve µG frequency stability and minimize the impact of PLL dynamics, a new optimal frequency control technique is proposed. A whale optimization algorithm is used to enhance the virtual inertia control loop by optimizing the parameters of the virtual inertia controller with consideration of PLL dynamics and the uncertainties of system inertia. The proposed controller has been validated through comparisons with an optimized virtual inertia PI controller which is tuned utilizing MATLAB internal model control methodology and with H∞-based virtual inertia control. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller against different operating conditions and system disturbances and uncertainties.

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Contribution of Wind Farms to the Stability of Power Systems with High Penetration of Renewables

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Estimation of maximum non‐synchronous generation of renewable energy in the South Korea power system based on the minimum level of inertia

Estimation of maximum non‐synchronous generation of renewable energy in the South Korea power system based on the minimum level of inertia

Provision of Frequency Response from Wind Farms: A Review

Enhanced Virtual Inertia Control for Microgrids with High-Penetration Renewables Based on Whale Optimization

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