Decentralized Energy Management Concept for Urban Charging Hubs With Multiple V2G Aggregators

Abstract

This work introduces a decentralized management concept for the urban charging hubs (UCHs) where electric vehi cles (EVs) can access multiple charger clusters, each controlled by an aggregator. The given day ahead schedules (DASs) and peak power limits (PPLs) of the aggregators providing grid-tovchiclc (G2V) and vehide-to-grid (V2G) services can constrain the energy supply. A suitable energy management concept is required to prevent the impact of supply limitations on EV users. In the proposed approach, an electromobility operator (EMO) acting as an authorized entity, allocates incoming EVs into the charger clusters in the UCH. The EMO executes a smart routing (SR) algorithm that jointly optimizes the cluster allocations and charging schedules, minimizing the charging cost for the given dynamic price signals produced by the aggregators. For real time charging control (RTC) of the charging units, each aggre gator solves an optimization problem with periodically updated parameters given by the DAS/PPLs and charging commitments. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed concept through comparisons against benchmark strategies without SR and RTC. The results highlight that the proposed concept reduces the deviations from the DASs and the violations of PPLs while significantly decreasing unfulfilled charging demand and unscheduled discharge from EV batteries. G l o s s a r y Frequently used abbreviations DAS Day ahead schedule DP Dynamic price EMO Electromobility operator EV Electric vehicle RTC Real time (charging) control SOC State-of-charge SR Smart routing UCH Urban charging hub V2G Vehicle-to-grid Manuscript

Feasibility and Challenges for Vehicle-to-Grid in Electricity Market: A Review

“…The EV owners have ownership of their EVs, and their driving behaviors directly determine the real-time capacity and SOC changes of the entire EV clusters. Considering that the capacity of a single EV is too small to directly participate in the electricity market, the concept of V2G aggregators is proposed [28]. By entering into V2G technology's contracts with EV owners, the V2G aggregators obtain temporary control rights over the charging and discharging of idle EVs [29].…”

Distributed Service Choreography Framework for Interoperability Among Prosumers and Electric Power System

“…It is expected that the number of EVs and therefore the volume of charging load will increase rapidly in the future. With the proliferation of EV charging infrastructure in publicly available parking lots, some urban districts can evolve into UCHs where multiple operators (or aggregators) compete for customers in the same area (as earlier proposed in [47]). In this competition, price and the availability of resources are the main market drivers, but the electricity network must still be protected from situations where the selfishness of aggregators could cause problems, such as overloading.…”

“…This considers peak power limits (PPL) as well. The mathematical formulation of both algorithms is presented in [47].…”

“…HiveMQ is extensible and therefore a candidate for future implementations with Python web service DSO Implicit Python application 1 All participants and enclosed components have a dedicated Docker container. 2 Introduced in [47].…”

“…This choice is based on the algorithm called Smart Routing, which the UCH broker executes. This algorithm was earlier introduced in [47]. The algorithm has been implemented as a mixed integer linear program utilizing the optimization modeling library, Pyomo [65].…”