Decellularized tympanic membrane scaffold with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for repairing tympanic membrane perforation

Abstract

Background Tympanic membrane perforation (TMP) is a common disease in otology, and few acellular techniques have been reported for repairing this condition. Decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds have been used in organ reconstruction. Objective This study on tissue engineering aimed to develop a tympanic membrane (TM) scaffold prepared using detergent immersion and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) as repair materials to reconstruct the TM. Results General structure was observed that the decellularized TM scaffold with BMSCs retained the original intact anatomical ECM structure, with no cell residue, as observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and exhibited low immunogenicity. Therefore, we seeded the decellularized TM scaffold with BMSCs for recellularization. Histology and eosin staining, SEM and immunofluorescence in vivo showed that the recellularized TM patch had a natural ultrastructure and was suitable for the migration and proliferation of BMSCs. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) evaluated after recellularized TM patch repair was slightly higher than that of the normal TM, but the difference was not significant. Conclusion The synthetic ECM scaffold provides temporary physical support for the three‐dimensional growth of cells during the tissue developmental stage. The scaffold stimulates cells to secrete their own ECM required for tissue regeneration. The recellularized TM patch shows potential as a natural, ultrastructure biological material for TM reconstruction.

Fabrication and Evaluation of Hyaluronidase-Responsive Scaffolds by Electrospinning with Antibacterial Properties for Tympanic Membrane Repair

“…11−14 In the literature, decellularized and polymer-based scaffolds have been promising in the field of tympanic membrane tissue engineering. 11,14 Poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) (PLGA), a polymer material approved by the FDA, 15 is commonly used because of its excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. 16,17 However, conventional PLGA scaffolds lack antibacterial properties.…”

“…Recent advances in tissue engineering have led to the development of various biomaterials and strategies that can be used for TMP repair. − In the literature, decellularized and polymer-based scaffolds have been promising in the field of tympanic membrane tissue engineering. , Poly­(lactic- co -glycolic acid) (PLGA), a polymer material approved by the FDA, is commonly used because of its excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. , However, conventional PLGA scaffolds lack antibacterial properties. Loading antibiotics can help address this issue; however, achieving controlled drug release remains challenging. , …”