Decellularized matrix could affect the proliferation and differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells in vitro

Abstract

Objective and Background Recently, decellularized matrix (DCM) is considered as a new biomaterial for tissue regeneration. To explore the possible application of DCM in periodontal regeneration, the effect of DCM from three different cells on the proliferation and differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) was investigated. Methods DCM derived from human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), dental pulp cells (DPCs), and gingival fibroblasts (GFs) were fabricated using Triton X‐100/NH4OH combined with DNase I. Allogeneic PDLSCs were cultured on PDLC‐DCM, DPC‐DCM, and GF‐DCM, respectively. The proliferative capacity of PDLSCs was evaluated by PicoGreen assay kit. The expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt‐related transcription factor‐2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN), collagen I (COL1), periostin (POSTN), and cementum protein 1 (CEMP1) were detected by qRT‐PCR and western blotting. Results PDLC‐DCM, DPC‐DCM, and GF‐DCM had similar and integrated networks of extracellular matrix, as well as significantly decreased DNA content. Compared with control group in which PDLSCs were directly seeded in culture plates, PDLC‐DCM, DPC‐DCM, and GF‐DCM promoted the proliferation of re‐seeded PDLSCs. Additionally, PDLSCs on DCM exhibited higher mRNA and protein expression levels of ALP, RUNX2, OCN, and COL1. The expression of POSTN in PDLC‐DCM group was significantly higher than control group at both mRNA and protein levels. Conclusions PDLC‐DCM, DPC‐DCM, and GF‐DCM could enhance the proliferation of PDLSCs. PDLC‐DCM facilitated osteogenic differentiation and periodontal ligament differentiation of PDLSCs, while DPC‐DCM and GF‐DCM promoted osteogenic differentiation.

Repair of annulus fibrosus defects using decellularized annulus fibrosus matrix/chitosan hybrid hydrogels

“…In vivo, acellularized scaffolds have demonstrated a good ability to support cell adhesion and proliferation, leading to improved regeneration of articular lesions in rats after 4 weeks. Huang et al [32] have prepared human periodontal ligament cell decellularized matrix (PDLC-DCM), dental pulp cell decellularized matrix (DPC-DCM), and gingival broblast decellularized matrix (GF-DCM) and found that PDLC-DCM facilitated osteogenic differentiation and periodontal ligament differentiation of PDLSCs, while DPC-DCM and GF-DCM promoted osteogenic differentiation.. In our previous study, we also observed increased gene expression and extracellular matrix secretion of col-I, col-II, and aggrecan in annulus brosus-derived stem cells cultured on DAFM/PECUU electrospun scaffolds, compared with cells cultured on PECUU brous scaffolds [33] .…”

Advances Focusing on the Application of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix in Periodontal Regeneration

“…The cell-sheet technique allows target cells to reproduce in large amounts and harvest enough C-dECM for clinical use since ECM is the major component of the cell sheet while cells, especially stem cells, could proliferate indefinitely. Acquiring C-dECM, especially for obtaining dECM from certain progenitors or stem cells, is relatively simpler when compared to the sophisticated fabrication of tissue-like dECM [ 19 ]. Moreover, C-dECMs have an advantage of safety since in vitro cell expansion can reduce the risk of pathogen transfer caused by allogenic ECM and avoid adverse host immune responses induced by xenogeneic ECM.…”

Therapeutic potential of dental pulp stem cells and their derivatives: Insights from basic research toward clinical applications

“…Moreover, the applications of decellularized cell sheets suggest that in addition to the function of seed cells in the sheets, extracellular matrix may also play a certain role in regeneration[ 129 ]. For example, a decellularized matrix of DPSC sheets can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of inoculated human periodontal ligament stem cells[ 130 ].…”