Decellularization of kidney tissue: comparison of sodium lauryl ether sulfate and sodium dodecyl sulfate for allotransplantation in rat

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney diseases and end stage renal disease are growing threats worldwide. Tissue engineering is a new hope to surpass the current limitations such as the shortage of donor. To do so, the rst step would be fabrication of an intact decellularized kidney scaffold. In the current study, an automatic decellularization device was developed to perfuse and decellularize male rats' kidneys using both sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and to compare their e cacy in kidney decellularization and post-transplantation angiogenesis.Methods: After anesthesia, kidneys were perfused with either 1% SDS solution for 4 h or 1% SLES solution for 6 h. The decellularized scaffolds were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid Schiff, Masson's trichrome, and Alcian blue to determine cell removal and glycogen, collagen and glycosaminoglycan contents, respectively. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy was performed to evaluate the cell removal and preservation of microarchitecture of both SDS and SLES scaffolds. Additionally, DNA quanti cation assay was applied for all groups in order to measure residual DNA in the scaffolds and normal kidney. In order to demonstrate biocompatibility and bioactivity of the decellularized scaffolds two tests were done. The scaffolds were recellularized with the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (hUC-MSCs). In addition, the allotransplantation was performed in back muscle and angiogenesis was evaluated.Results: Complete cell removal in both SLES and SDS groups was observed in scanning electron microscopy and DNA quanti cation assays. Moreover, the extracellular matrix architecture of rat kidney in the SLES group was signi cantly preserved better than the SDS group. The hUC-MSCs were successfully migrated from the cell culture plate surface into the SDS and SLES decellularized scaffolds. The formation of blood capillaries and vessels were observed in the kidney allotransplantation in both SLES and SDS decellularized kidneys.Conclusions: We demonstrated that both SLES and SDS could be promising tools in kidney tissue engineering. The better preservation of extracellular matrix than SDS, introduces SLES as the solvent of choice for kidney decellularization.

Decellularization for the retention of tissue niches

“…Both SDC and SLES have been shown to better preserve collagen and GAG content than SDS while showcasing superior biocompatibility following recellularization. 39 , 53 – 56 SDC can successfully decellularize tissues at concentrations up to 4%, 57 , 58 although increased concentration of SDC does not contribute to higher nuclear removal rates and results in increased damage to structural integrity, despite its inability to degrade collagens. 57 , 59 Additionally, SDC decellularizations must be followed with agents such as Deoxyribonuclease (DNase) to reduce induction of DNA agglutination at the tissue surface.…”

Parameter Optimization of Plant-based Decellularized Scaffold for Biomedical Applications Using Response Surface Methodology

“…In this aspect, the experimental design offers more clarity when examining the effect of probable process-affecting factors. [5] Experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) have generally been investigated for various biosurfactant processes. Several researchers have used central composite design (CCD) based RSM to optimize the porosity and swelling ratio for the production of the scaffold.…”

A novel decellularized trachea preparation method for the rapid construction of a functional tissue engineered trachea to repair tracheal defects

“…14 Sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), a novel anionic detergent with a structure that is similar to that of lauryl sodium sulfate (SDS), has been widely used in decellularization procedures. [15][16][17][18] Being a hollow organ, the trachea is different from other solid organs. To date, however, the application of SLES in the preparation of a decellularized trachea remains unknown.…”

“…19 In comparison to SDS, SLES-based decellularized treatment has been shown to preserves proteoglycans, collagen fibrins and cytokines, such as basic FGF, which plays a critical role in revascularization in ECM microstructures, while simultaneously attenuating inflammatory responses. 15,16,18 To date, however, effects and specific protocols for using SLES to prepare decellularized hollow organs, such as the trachea, have not been fully investigated.…”