Deceleration of age-specific mortality rates in chromosomal homozygotes and heterozygotes of Drosophila melanogaster

Fukui, H. Henry; Ackert, Lloyd; Curtsinger, James W.

doi:10.1016/0531-5565(95)02069-1

Cited by 47 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Brooks et al (1994) demonstrated that mortality rate in an isogenic population of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans showed a less-distinct plateau than in a genetically heterogeneous population, but Vaupel et al (1994) were quick to point out that the isogenic line was grown at a higher temperature and in higher food concentration than the heterogeneous line, greatly complicating the interpretation of the mortality patterns. In addition, isogenic versus heterogenous populations of Drosophila melanogaster do not consistently show these same patterns (Curtsinger et al, 1992;Fukui et al, 1996). Furthermore, although the relevance of individual environmental heterogeneity to late-life mortality rates is extremely difficult to test effectively (Curtsinger et al, 1992;Fukui et al, 1993;Vaupel and Carey, 1993), an intricate experiment by Khazaeli et al (1998) found no evidence to support the hypothesis that environmental heterogeneity among individual flies is a primary factor in determining late-life mortality rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Although the Carey et al (1992) medfly mortality data have been fitted to a cohort heterogeneity model (Kowald and Kirkwood, 1993), a weak post hoc corroboration, other experiments (Brooks et al, 1994;Vaupel et al, 1994;Curtsinger et al, 1992;Fukui et al, 1996) have not been successful in finding consistent evidence for this theory. Provisionally, we regard it as falsified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testing the heterogeneity theory of late-life mortality plateaus by using cohorts of Drosophila melanogaster

Drapeau

Gass

Simison

et al. 2000

Experimental Gerontology

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Variation among individuals in robustness has been posed as a general explanation for the lack of increase in late-life mortality rates. Here, we test corollaries of this heterogeneity theory. One is that populations that have undergone strong laboratory selection for differentiated stress resistance should show significant differences in their late-life mortality schedules. To test this corollary, we employed 40 410 flies from three groups of Drosophila melanogaster populations that differ substantially in their resistance to starvation. No significant differences between these groups were found for late-life mortality. Another corollary of the heterogeneity theory is that there should be late-life plateaus in stress resistance that coincide with the plateau stage of the mortality curve. In 20 994 flies from six replicate outbred laboratory populations, we measured mortality rates every other day and starvation and desiccation resistance every 7 days. Both male and female starvation and desiccation resistance clearly decreased with time overall. There was no late-life plateau in male desiccation resistance. A late-life plateau in male starvation resistance may exist, however. Together, these two experiments generally constitute evidence against heterogeneity as a major contributor to the phenomenon of late-life mortality plateaus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the heterogeneity theory of late-life mortality plateaus by using cohorts of Drosophila melanogaster

Drapeau

Gass

Simison

et al. 2000

Experimental Gerontology

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“…Gompertz also proposed the "rst mathematical model to explain the exponential increase in mortality rate with age (Gompertz, 1825). Moreover, he found that at advanced ages mortality rates increase less rapidly than an exponential function, thus forestalling two centuries ago the recent fuss over &&late-life mortality deceleration'' (Fukui et al, 1993(Fukui et al, , 1996Khazaeli et al, 1996;Vaupel et al, 1998;Partridge & Mangel, 1999), &&mortality leveling o! '' (Carey & Liedo, 1995;Clark & Guadalupe, 1995;Vaupel et al, 1998), and &&late-life mortality plateaus'' (Mueller & Rose, 1996;Tower, 1996;Pletcher & Curtsinger, 1998;Wachter, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability Theory of Aging and Longevity

Gavrilov

Gavrilova

2005

Handbook of the Biology of Aging

167

262

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Reliability theory is a general theory about systems failure. It allows researchers to predict the age-related failure kinetics for a system of given architecture (reliability structure) and given reliability of its components. Reliability theory predicts that even those systems that are entirely composed of non-aging elements (with a constant failure rate) will nevertheless deteriorate (fail more often) with age, if these systems are redundant in irreplaceable elements. Aging, therefore, is a direct consequence of systems redundancy. Reliability theory also predicts the late-life mortality deceleration with subsequent leveling-o!, as well as the late-life mortality plateaus, as an inevitable consequence of redundancy exhaustion at extreme old ages. The theory explains why mortality rates increase exponentially with age (the Gompertz law) in many species, by taking into account the initial -aws (defects) in newly formed systems. It also explains why organisms &&prefer'' to die according to the Gompertz law, while technical devices usually fail according to the Weibull (power) law. Theoretical conditions are speci"ed when organisms die according to the Weibull law: organisms should be relatively free of initial #aws and defects. The theory makes it possible to "nd a general failure law applicable to all adult and extreme old ages, where the Gompertz and the Weibull laws are just special cases of this more general failure law. The theory explains why relative di!erences in mortality rates of compared populations (within a given species) vanish with age, and mortality convergence is observed due to the exhaustion of initial di!erences in redundancy levels. Overall, reliability theory has an amazing predictive and explanatory power with a few, very general and realistic assumptions. Therefore, reliability theory seems to be a promising approach for developing a comprehensive theory of aging and longevity integrating mathematical methods with speci"c biological knowledge. Academic Press

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“…In addition, experiments have shown that mortality plateaus persist, even when genetic and environmental variations are reduced or eliminated. 3,19,20 For example, experiments with highly inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster have shown that genetic variation is not required for mortality plateaus. 3,19 Furthermore, Khazaeli et al 20 have shown that mortality plateaus persist even when preadult heterogeneity among individuals is significantly reduced for highly inbred Drosophila cohorts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradoxical Physiological Transitions from Aging to Late Life inDrosophila

Shahrestani

Quach

Mueller

et al. 2012

Rejuvenation Research

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In a variety of organisms, adulthood is divided into aging and late life, where aging is a period of exponentially increasing mortality rates and late life is a period of roughly plateaued mortality rates. In this study we used *57,600 Drosophila melanogaster from six replicate populations to examine the physiological transitions from aging to late life in four functional characters that decline during aging: desiccation resistance, starvation resistance, time spent in motion, and negative geotaxis. Time spent in motion and desiccation resistance declined less quickly in late life compared to their patterns of decline during aging. Negative geotaxis declined at a faster rate in late life compared to its rate of decline during aging. These results yield two key findings: (1) Late-life physiology is distinct from the physiology of aging, in that there is not simply a continuation of the physiological trends which characterize aging; and (2) late life physiology is complex, in that physiological characters vary with respect to their stabilization, deceleration, or acceleration in the transition from aging to late life. These findings imply that a correct understanding of adulthood requires identifying and appropriately characterizing physiology during properly delimited late-life periods as well as aging periods.

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Deceleration of age-specific mortality rates in chromosomal homozygotes and heterozygotes of Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 47 publications

References 20 publications

Testing the heterogeneity theory of late-life mortality plateaus by using cohorts of Drosophila melanogaster

Testing the heterogeneity theory of late-life mortality plateaus by using cohorts of Drosophila melanogaster

Reliability Theory of Aging and Longevity

Paradoxical Physiological Transitions from Aging to Late Life inDrosophila

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