Decay rate of virus and faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in seawater and the concentration of FIBs in different wastewater systems

Eregno, Fasil Ejigu; Tryland, Ingun; Myrmel, Mette; Wennberg, Aina Charlotte; Oliinyk, Anastasiia; Khatri, Mamata; Heistad, Arve

doi:10.1016/j.mran.2018.01.001

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Over the last four decades, numerous studies have demonstrated that FIB, one of the most frequently used and easily measured water quality parameters (Ashbolt et al, 2001), do not correlate with or predict the presence of enteric viruses in treated (waste)water, shellfish, environmental waters, and fresh produce (Carducci et al, 2009, Eregno et al, 2018, Fout et al, 2017, Gerba et al, 2017, Griffin et al, 2001, Harwood et al, 2005, LaBelle et al, 1980, Li et al, 2015, Savichtcheva and Okabe, 2006, Schets et al, 2008, Sinclair et al, 2012, Stewart et al, 2008, Symonds et al, 2014, Verbyla et al, 2016, Wu et al, 2011, Yates, 2007). This is not surprising given the vastly different physical characteristics of FIB and enteric viruses, which results in disparate responses to treatment and environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While a variety of bacteriophages can be measured with culture-based assays and are therefore affordable enteric virus surrogates to monitor fecal pollution and (waste)water treatment efficiency, these bacteriophages do not consistently correlate with the presence of enteric viruses (Eregno et al, 2018, Fout et al, 2017, Lin and Ganesh, 2013, Santiago-Rodriguez et al, 2013, Savichtcheva and Okabe, 2006). Additionally, a recently identified and abundant crAssphage has been proposed as a viral fecal pollution indicator (Dutilh et al, 2014, Stachler and Bibby, 2014); however, more research is needed to understand its correlation with infectious human enteric viruses in contaminated environments and throughout wastewater treatment before crAssphage can be used as an index or process enteric virus indicator (García-Aljaro et al, 2017, Stachler et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pepper mild mottle virus: A plant pathogen with a greater purpose in (waste)water treatment development and public health management

et al. 2018

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An enteric virus surrogate and reliable domestic wastewater tracer is needed to manage microbial quality of food and water as (waste)water reuse becomes more prevalent in response to population growth, urbanization, and climate change. Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), a plant pathogen found at high concentrations in domestic wastewater, is a promising surrogate for enteric viruses that has been incorporated into over 29 water- and food-related microbial quality and technology investigations around the world. This review consolidates the available literature from across disciplines to provide guidance on the utility of PMMoV as either an enteric virus surrogate and/or domestic wastewater marker in various situations. Synthesis of the available research supports PMMoV as a useful enteric virus process indicator since its high concentrations in source water allow for identifying the extent of virus log-reductions in field, pilot, and full-scale (waste)water treatment systems. PMMoV reduction levels during many forms of wastewater treatment were less than or equal to the reduction of other viruses, suggesting this virus can serve as an enteric virus surrogate when evaluating new treatment technologies. PMMoV excels as an index virus for enteric viruses in environmental waters exposed to untreated domestic wastewater because it was detected more frequently and in higher concentrations than other human viruses in groundwater (72.2%) and surface waters (freshwater, 94.5% and coastal, 72.2%), with pathogen co-detection rates as high as 72.3%. Additionally, PMMoV is an important microbial source tracking marker, most appropriately associated with untreated domestic wastewater, where its pooled-specificity is 90% and pooled-sensitivity is 100%, as opposed to human feces where its pooled-sensitivity is only 11.3%. A limited number of studies have also suggested that PMMoV may be a useful index virus for enteric viruses in monitoring the microbial quality of fresh produce and shellfish, but further research is needed on these topics. Finally, future work is needed to fill in knowledge gaps regarding PMMoV's global specificity and sensitivity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pepper mild mottle virus: A plant pathogen with a greater purpose in (waste)water treatment development and public health management

et al. 2018

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“…Releasing a complex array of microorganisms into the environment, which include bacteria, viruses, protozoa, etc., could become a serious public health risk. The abundance of pathogenic organisms into the environment will vary depending on the efficiency of the treatment system and the decay rate in the accepted water body (Eregno et al., 2018; Goh et al., 2019). In this study, TC and FC, which are used as microbial indicators, indicate the presence of microorganisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the quantitative and qualitative status of effluent in the wastewater treatment plant in Iran Central Iron Ore

Mehralian

Gholamrezapour

Fatahi

et al. 2020

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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The aim of present study was to investigate the quality of the produced effluent from different units of the Iran Central Iron Ore in Bafq city and comparison of effluent with the standards. This study presents the physicochemical and biological parameters data of effluent of three Sequencing batch reactors (SBR) with a capacity of 160 m 3 •d −1. Most common parameters include pH, total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), heavy metals, and total coliforms and fecal coliforms as biological indicators. Then, for each SBR system, the average of each parameter was determined, and results were compared with the standard recommended by the Iranian Environmental Protection Agency. Based on the results, some of the parameters, including BOD 5 , COD, and TSS in the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, are higher than the permitted amount for discharge to the surface water. Considering the BOD 5 , COD, and TSS concentration in WWTPs, the treated wastewater is only suitable for agricultural and irrigation use. Therefore, wastewater produced by Iran Central Iron Ore Co. will need additional treatment to achieve standard quality of water before discharge in surface water and adsorbent well.

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“…Some studies consider kitchen sink effluent to be greywater, while others exclude it. Several studies have found greywater to have lower concentrations of faecal pathogens than blackwater (the water from toilets), making source-separated greywater a promising candidate for wider adoption of on-site water reuse (Jefferson et al 2004;Li et al 2009;Eregno et al 2018). Additionally, greywater represents the largest fraction of household effluent (Larsen et al 2013), making it more available in general for these uses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human‐ and infrastructure‐associated bacteria in greywater

et al. 2021

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Greywater, the wastewater from sinks, showers and laundry, is an understudied environment for bacterial communities. Most greywater studies focus on quantifying pathogens, often via proxies used in other wastewater, like faecal indicator bacteria; there is a need to identify more greywater-appropriate surrogates, like Staphylococcus sp. Sequencing-based studies have revealed distinct communities in different types of greywater as well as in different parts of greywater infrastructure, including biofilms on pipes, holding tanks and filtration systems. The use of metagenomic sequencing provides high resolution on both the taxa and genes present, which may be of interest in cases like identifying pathogens and surrogates relevant to different matrices, monitoring antibiotic resistance genes and understanding metabolic processes occurring in the system. Here, we review what is known about bacterial communities in different types of greywater and its infrastructure. We suggest that wider adoption of environmental sequencing in greywater research is important because it can describe the entire bacterial community along with its metabolic capabilities, including pathways for removal of nutrients and organic materials. We briefly describe a metagenomic dataset comparing different types of greywater samples in a college dormitory building to highlight the type of questions these methods can address. Metagenomic sequencing can help further the understanding of greywater treatment for reuse because it allows for identification of new pathogens or genes of concern.

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Decay rate of virus and faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in seawater and the concentration of FIBs in different wastewater systems

Cited by 15 publications

References 51 publications

Pepper mild mottle virus: A plant pathogen with a greater purpose in (waste)water treatment development and public health management

Pepper mild mottle virus: A plant pathogen with a greater purpose in (waste)water treatment development and public health management

Investigating the quantitative and qualitative status of effluent in the wastewater treatment plant in Iran Central Iron Ore

Human‐ and infrastructure‐associated bacteria in greywater

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