Decarbonizing the energy and industry sectors in Thailand by carbon capture and storage

Zhang, Kai; Bokka, Harsha Kumar; Lau, Hoong Chuin

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2021.109979

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…estimate there is 386 Gt of subsurface CO 2 storage capacity within a 1000 km radius from Singapore, which is enough to store one century of stationary CO 2 [84]. estimate there is 79 Gt of subsurface CO 2 storage capacity in Thailand which is enough to store 554 years of stationary CO 2 emissions [85].…”

Section: Role Of Ccs In Decarbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decarbonization Roadmap for Taiwan and Its Energy Policy Implications

Lau

Tsai²

2022

Sustainability

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The objective of this paper is to propose a decarbonization roadmap for Taiwan to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050 by analyzing the status of fossil and non-fossil energies, screening applicable decarbonization technologies for their effectiveness, and then proposing an energy mix for the future. The novelty of this work lies in the screening process, which considers six, instead of one or two, categories: sustainability, security, affordability, reliability, technology readiness, and technology impact. Based on this screening, a decarbonization roadmap is proposed and compared with the announced net-zero emissions (NZE) plan. The proposed roadmap requires renewable electricity to grow at an average annual growth rate of 7% between now and 2050, instead of the 10.1% required by the NZE plan, which is more achievable based on issues identified with renewable energies during our screening exercise. The proposed roadmap improves on the NZE plan in the following aspects: (1) using clean coal technologies to decarbonize existing coal-fired power plants, (2) relying more on gas than wind and solar energies to replace coal and nuclear energy for power generation, (3) accelerating carbon capture and storage (CCS) implementation, (4) delaying the phaseout of nuclear energy until 2050, and (5) using blue instead of green hydrogen to decarbonize the transport and industry sectors. Implications of this roadmap for future research and development and energy policies are also discussed.

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Section: Role Of Ccs In Decarbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decarbonization Roadmap for Taiwan and Its Energy Policy Implications

Lau

Tsai²

2022

Sustainability

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“…Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) constitutes a large proportion of greenhouse gases, estimated to be 76% of all emissions . As suggested by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and concluded in the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow, net-zero emission targeted by 2050 can only be achieved with CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) technology while some fossil fuels are to be “phased down” that still allowed for some developing countries. − CCS consists of two main processes: CO 2 capture and CO 2 storage. The former aims to capture CO 2 either from manufacturing industries before being released (i.e., cement and steel plants) or directly capture from air. , The latter is the following downstream to store CO 2 securely and permanently in subsurface structures via saline formations, salt caverns, or depleted petroleum reservoirs, namely, CO 2 geological storage (CGS) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative CO₂Column Height for CO₂Geological Storage: A Non-Negligible Contribution from Reservoir Rock Characteristics

et al. 2022

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As one of the solutions to tackle climate change caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, CO2 geological storage has been increasingly implemented globally to store CO2 securely and permanently in the subsurface. In the current study, structural trapping, which shows the potential of initial CO2 containment and integrity of the subsurface structure, is experimentally investigated with CO2 leakage assessed. CO2 containment is quantified by CO2 column height, which describes the amount of CO2 accumulated in the formation underneath seal rock and is controlled by a balance between capillary and gravitational forces acting on formation brine and invading CO2. While previous studies considered only contributions from seal rock (i.e., “nonrelative”), the current study examines a concurrent contribution from reservoir rock as a seal–reservoir “relative” column height since CO2 storage as an analogy to petroleum reservoir is a structural trap consisting of the reservoir and impermeable seal covered. A distinctive discrepancy was found between the resultant relative and nonrelative column heights. The nonrelative column heights were positive (∼3000 m), implying a high potential for CO2 storage. On the contrary, with reservoir rock contribution considered, the relative column heights were negative (∼−1800 m), suggesting CO2 leakage through the structural trap. This was attributed to a relatively larger reservoir pore size (5.72 nm) than that of seal rock (4.04 nm). Hence, the contribution from reservoir rock characteristics is non-negligible when analyzing CO2 storage potential. Owing to CO2 dissolution in formation brine, CO2-induced effects including a geochemical reaction between acidic carbonated brine and rocks were also investigated. Rock dissolutions in both seal (claystone) and reservoir (limestone) rocks were observed with changes in the pore size, leading to lower storage potential. Further attempts to improve the column height were made by hydrophobizing seal rock via surfactant adsorption, although the changes were slight and could only facilitate a possible leakage (less negative height column).

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“…Thus, the reduction of CO 2 released into the atmosphere from the emission point sources could help to reduce the effects of climate change. Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is one approach that could play an important role in reducing CO 2 emissions into the atmosphere, and the technique can be applied in Thailand (e.g., Choomkong et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2022). CO 2 sequestration is a process that involves four steps: CO 2 capture, separation, transportation, and storage.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This is the first attempt to focus on the existence of these suitable lithologies (e.g., salt and alkaline igneous rocks) and petroleum reservoirs within the Khorat Plateau for geological CO 2 storage. stationary CO 2 sources (e.g., production factories and processing plants) could be captured by CCS technologies (Zhang et al, 2022). Stationary CO 2 sources can come from various sectors, including cement factories, refineries, iron and steel mills, petrochemical plants, gas-based power plants and coal-based power plants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Industrial plants and gas-based power plants are potential CO 2 emission point sources in the Khorat Plateau , including those powered by natural gas and biogas (Figure 2). In addition, the biggest CO 2 emitter in the Khorat Plateau is potentially the natural gas-based power plant in Khon Kaen (2.13 Mtpa), which is the Nam Phong power plant (Figure 2; Zhang et al, 2022). This is presently the largest power plant in the Khorat Plateau and the only power plant that uses natural gas fuel to generate electricity in Thailand.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A preliminary assessment of geological CO2 storage in the Khorat Plateau, Thailand

Chenrai

Jitmahantakul²,

Bissen³

et al. 2022

Front. Energy Res.

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The main carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Thailand come from the energy sector. Gas-based power plants, including natural gas and biogas, are CO2 point sources, and are mostly located in the Khorat Plateau. Geological CO2 storage is an important element in the effort to reduce CO2 emissions from CO2 point sources. This study is a preliminary assessment of the geological CO2 storage potential of the onshore Khorat Plateau. A potential geological formation is screened and ranked in terms of its suitability as a CO2 storage site (storage optimization, risk minimization and feasibility). The results of this screening and ranking indicate that, among the tested sites in this study, the Khorat Permian carbonate is the most suitable for geological CO2 storage, followed by the Khorat Group sandstone, and Khorat evaporite. However, the Khorat Cenozoic basalts are not suitable for geological CO2 storage in the Khorat Plateau. The results from this study should advance the understanding of petroleum exploration and carbon capture and storage technology in Thailand, especially in the Khorat area. However, it should be noted that more subsurface studies are needed, and more criteria should be included in the future to improve the reliability of the assessment of geological CO2 storage potential in the Khorat Plateau.

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Decarbonizing the energy and industry sectors in Thailand by carbon capture and storage

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

A Decarbonization Roadmap for Taiwan and Its Energy Policy Implications

A Decarbonization Roadmap for Taiwan and Its Energy Policy Implications

Relative CO₂Column Height for CO₂Geological Storage: A Non-Negligible Contribution from Reservoir Rock Characteristics

A preliminary assessment of geological CO2 storage in the Khorat Plateau, Thailand

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Decarbonizing the energy and industry sectors in Thailand by carbon capture and storage

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

A Decarbonization Roadmap for Taiwan and Its Energy Policy Implications

A Decarbonization Roadmap for Taiwan and Its Energy Policy Implications

Relative CO2Column Height for CO2Geological Storage: A Non-Negligible Contribution from Reservoir Rock Characteristics

A preliminary assessment of geological CO2 storage in the Khorat Plateau, Thailand

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Product

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Relative CO₂Column Height for CO₂Geological Storage: A Non-Negligible Contribution from Reservoir Rock Characteristics