A Decarbonization Roadmap for Taiwan and Its Energy Policy Implications

Lau, Hon Chung; Tsai, Steve

doi:10.3390/su14148425

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Carbon dioxide is the main greenhouse gas, trapping heat and concentration rises due to the atmosphere's increased capacity to trap heat [6]. Decarbonization efforts in the energy and industrial sectors are essential to achieving the net-zero GHG emissions target by 2050 [7]. The current human involvement is connected to the annual generation of over 40 Gt of CO 2 , primarily due to the reliance on fossil fuels for energy, with CO 2 released from industrial processes accounting for 78% of the growing global greenhouse gas emissions [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of fluidized-bed homogeneous crystallization technology to carbon sequestration and recovery from flue gas

Huang,

Vilando,

et al. 2024

Sustain Environ Res

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The Earth’s energy balance produced by human activity is the main factor in the complex relationship between greenhouse gases and global warming. The Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency reports that carbon dioxide makes up more than 95% of Taiwan’s most recent greenhouse gas emissions. This study used fluidized-bed homogeneous crystallization (FBHC) technology to recover carbonate in a simulated CO2-enriched flue gas. It was specifically designed to determine how carbonate removal and crystallization efficiency were affected by carbonate surface loading, the influence of the source of calcium ions, and interfering substances. Results revealed that the best surface loading at 55 kg m− 2 h− 1 achieved 93% removal and 84% crystallization efficiency. At 50 mg L− 1 of sulfate ions, the presence of more interfering compounds tends to reduce carbonate removal to 97% and 91% crystallization. Regarding X-ray diffraction data, the recovered carbonate crystals resembled calcium carbonate crystals. It has been demonstrated that carbonate can be recovered using FBHC technology as a method of CO2 capture and storage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of fluidized-bed homogeneous crystallization technology to carbon sequestration and recovery from flue gas

Huang,

Vilando,

et al. 2024

Sustain Environ Res

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“…Favorable energy policies such as a CO 2 tax or credit, renewable mandates, and speedy permitting of subsurface CO 2 storage can accelerate an economy’s energy transition. Similarly, inconsistent energy policies that vary with change in administration can impede energy transition. ,,− However, theories that can integrate all five aspects of energy transition are still lacking. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They include clean coal technologies, carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), renewable energies, nuclear energy, hydrogen, − and reduced energy demand through adoption of a circular economy . There is also research focused on the decarbonization of various energy consumption sectors such as power, − transport, , and industry , as well as research on the decarbonization of specific countries ,− and regions. ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Longitudinal Study on the History of Energy Transition and Its Implications on Global Decarbonization

Lau,

Tsai

2024

Energy Fuels

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A longitudinal study on per capita CO 2 emissions of 164 economies over four decades shows that there is an inverted U-shape relationship between per capita CO 2 emissions and per capita gross domestic product (GDP), as proposed by the environmental Kuznets curve. In general, an economy goes through three stages of energy transition based on its per capita GDP. When an economy's per capita GDP is less than $7000, change in per capita CO 2 emission exceeds or tracks the change in per capita GDP. When an economy's per capita GDP is between $7000 and $24,000, per capita CO 2 emission either tracks or lags behind per capita GDP. When an economy's per capita GDP exceeds $25,000, its per capita CO 2 emission is decoupled from per capita GDP and even decrease. Furthermore, the evolution of energy mix of an economy can be displayed in a ternary diagram, with coal, oil-andgas, and renewable and nuclear energies (REN) at the apexes. Results show that an economy's energy mix generally follows the trend going from coal-dominated to oiland-gas-dominated and then REN-dominated. However, the rate of change in energy mix is slow and is less than one percent point per year for many economies, and therefore, relying solely on REN to replace fossil fuels to achieve net zero by 2050 is impractical. Other options including carbon capture and storage will be needed. An energy mix index is introduced, which can be used to track an economy's progress toward replacing fossil fuels by REN for primary energy consumption.

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“…To be useful, decarbonization roadmaps need to be tailored to local conditions and address the barriers to policy implementation. Several country-specific decarbonization roadmaps for Singapore [26,27], Malaysia, Indonesia [28], Thailand [29,30], Vietnam [31], Taiwan [32] and Canada [33,34] were published recently with due consideration given to the unique energy landscape of each country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Decarbonization: Current Status and What It Will Take to Achieve Net Zero by 2050

Lau,

Tsai

2023

Energies

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A review of global CO2 emissions over the last century shows that emissions from 80 economies contributed to 95% of global emissions. Among them, 55 economies were decarbonizers, where CO2 emissions had either plateaued or were declining, while 25 economies were polluters, where CO2 emissions were still increasing. In 2021, the global CO2 emissions were 37.1 Gtpa, with 56% coming from polluters and 39% from decarbonizers. If current trends continue, global CO2 emissions will reach 49.6 Gtpa by 2050, with 81% coming from polluters and 14% from decarbonizers. Only 14 economies will reach net zero. The decarbonization target, over and above current efforts, to achieve net zero is calculated for each economy. Decarbonizers need to mitigate 230 Mtpa CO2 and polluters 1365 Mtpa CO2 beginning in 2021 to reach the net-zero target by 2050. This target will increase each year decarbonization is delayed. Analyses show that renewable energies’ share in the total final energy consumption in most economies increased by an average of only 4 percentage points in the last decade, which is inadequate for achieving net zero by 2050. Other means of decarbonization, including low-carbon fossil solutions through carbon capture and storage, will be needed. Pathways to accelerate decarbonization are proposed and their policy implications are discussed.

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A Decarbonization Roadmap for Taiwan and Its Energy Policy Implications

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Application of fluidized-bed homogeneous crystallization technology to carbon sequestration and recovery from flue gas

Application of fluidized-bed homogeneous crystallization technology to carbon sequestration and recovery from flue gas

A Longitudinal Study on the History of Energy Transition and Its Implications on Global Decarbonization

Global Decarbonization: Current Status and What It Will Take to Achieve Net Zero by 2050

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