Decarbonisation of maritime transport – European Union measures as an inspiration for global solutions?

Adamowicz, Magdalena

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105085

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In 2016, the IMO Data Collection System (IMO DCS) was introduced, which imposes a requirement and provides a framework for reporting CO 2 emissions in international shipping. A year before, in 2015, the EU implemented a system for monitoring, reporting and verification of emissions (UE MRV Regulation) [85].…”

Section: Patents Versus Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Inventive Activity for Climate Change Mitigation: An Insight into the Maritime Industry

Wagner

2023

Energies

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Climate change mitigation is one of the most important challenges facing the modern world. It is necessary to monitor the development of new concepts and technologies and take a stab at identifying disruptive innovations, which have the potential of becoming real climate-friendly game changers. The aim of this paper is to examine the patterns of inventive activity aimed at mitigating climate change in the maritime industry with respect to other transport modes. Appropriate research tools in the area of patent analysis were selected and utilised. A new class of patents related to climate change in maritime transport (CPC-Y02T70/00) was used as a data source. The original value of the study consists of offering a complete picture of the efforts made in patenting activity in climate change mitigation in the maritime transport, with a look at leading applicants and countries, knowledge flows, the most robustly developed and underdeveloped technical fields. A map of technical knowledge flows for climate change mitigation in transport was constructed. The research results show that inventions for the maritime industry are less hermetic than those for air and road transport; however, they are not as much linked with previously developed solutions. The most intensively developed technical fields include the design and construction of watercraft hulls (1) and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to the propulsion system (2). Among the technologies whose further development merits close attention are solutions related to electrical propulsion and wave energy. At the same time, inventive activity in the area of climate change adaptation dedicated to ports is insignificant and definitely needs more support from the community of scientists and inventors. Building knowledge based on patent information can help universities, research institutions, shipyards, manufacturers of marine equipment and other business entities to identify the technologies of the greatest potential for further development.

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Section: Patents Versus Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Inventive Activity for Climate Change Mitigation: An Insight into the Maritime Industry

Wagner

2023

Energies

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“…At present, using the LCA emissions of fuel/energy reported by relevant organizations is likely the best option to avoid uncertainties, as well as double counting, which is also in line with the strategy of the IMO Fuel GHG standard (GFS) (in development). In addition, ship energy efficiency data from the IMO Data Collection System (IMO DCS, since 2019) for fuel oil consumption favor a comprehensive assessment of the practical efficiencies of newly adopted regulations [9,28,29] and further reduce model uncertainties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Requirements for 2023 IMO GHG Strategy

Zhang,

Zhu,

Guo

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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The 80th session of the IMO Maritime Environment Protection Committee (MEPC 80) adopted the 2023 IMO Strategy on the Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships (2023 IMO GHG Strategy), with enhanced targets to tackle harmful emissions. This study strives to provide an exact interpretation of the target of the 2023 IMO GHG Strategy and reveal the technical requirements therein. Decarbonization targets were expressed in IMO GHG emission scenarios for specifications. Model calculations and parameterizations were in line with IMO GHG reduction principles and decarbonizing practices in the shipping sector to avoid the prejudicial tendency of alternative fuels and the overestimated integral efficiency of short-term measures in existing predictions. IMO DCS data were used for the first time to gain reliable practical efficiencies of newly adopted regulations and further reduce the model uncertainty. The results demonstrated that the decarbonization goals for emission intensity were actually 51.5–62.5% in the IMO GHG reduction scenarios, which was much higher than the IMO recommended value of 40% as the target. Combined with the continuous applications of short-term measures, onshore power and regulations were required to contribute their maximum potential no later than the year 2030. Even so, considerable penetration (15.0–26.0%) of alternative fuels will be required by 2030 to achieve the decarbonization goals in the 90% and 130% scenarios, respectively, both far beyond the expected value in the 2023 IMO GHG Strategy (i.e., 5–10%). Until 2050, decarbonization from alternative fuels is required to achieve ~95%. Sustainable biodiesel and LNG are the necessary choices in all time periods, while the roles of e-methanol and e-ammonia deserve to be considered in the long term. Our findings highlight the intense technical requirements behind the 2023 IMO GHG Strategy and provide a pathway option for a fair and impartial transition to zero GHG emissions in the shipping sector, which might be meaningful to policymakers.

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“…In 2013, the EU took the first step in reducing GHG emissions from the maritime industry (European Commission, 2013). In 2015, the EU released the regulation on the monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) of CO 2 emissions from maritime transport based on the fuel consumption of ships (EUR-Lex, 2015;Adamowicz, 2022). In 2023, the regulation on the inclusion of the maritime industry in the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) entered into force .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and cost accounting for liner shipping under the European Union Emission Trading System

Sun,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Excessive CO2 emissions and increased total costs of liner shipping are the two main problems affecting the environmental and economic benefits of liner companies under the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS). To address the upcoming EU ETS, we propose a carbon and cost accounting model for liner shipping that accurately calculates CO2 emissions and total cost of liner shipping. We conduct a case study that a containership operates on the liner route from the Far East to Northwest Europe. The results show that the sailing stage plays a pivotal role in CO2 emissions from liner shipping, accounting for 94.70% of CO2 emissions. Among four types of fuel, CO2 emissions from liner shipping using MGO is the largest, while CO2 emissions from liner shipping using methanol is the smallest. Methanol, as an alternative fuel, proves to be a better choice than LNG for CO2 control of liner shipping. The relationship between sailing speed and CO2 emissions follows a U-shaped curve for the selected containership. Notably, speed reduction is effective in carbon control of liner shipping only when the sailing speed exceeds 8.29 knots. Under the EU ETS, sailing speed is a key variable affecting the total cost of liner shipping. Speed reduction may not always be cost-effective. When keeping the total cost of liner shipping unchanged, sailing speed should be reduced as the EU allowance (EUA) price rises within a certain range. For the selected containership using MGO and HFO, the most economical sailing speed is 8.29 knots, corresponding to the increase in EUA price of 304.95% and 261.21%, respectively. If EUA price continues to rise, speed reduction will become ineffective in controlling the total cost of liner shipping. This model can enhance the environmental and economic benefits of liner companies, meet compliance requirements of the EU ETS, and provide a new perspective for carbon and cost control of liner shipping.

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Decarbonisation of maritime transport – European Union measures as an inspiration for global solutions?

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Inventive Activity for Climate Change Mitigation: An Insight into the Maritime Industry

Inventive Activity for Climate Change Mitigation: An Insight into the Maritime Industry

Technical Requirements for 2023 IMO GHG Strategy

Carbon and cost accounting for liner shipping under the European Union Emission Trading System

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