1989
DOI: 10.1007/bf00156826
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Deaths in winter: Can Britain learn from Europe?

Abstract: There is a substantial increase in the number of deaths in winter in the United Kingdom. This is also seen in some, but not all, European countries. Almost 60% of the variation among countries can be explained by the minimum average monthly temperature and the gross national product per capita. Seasonal variation is lowest in those countries with cold winters, suggesting that insulation may be important. It is also low in the more wealthy countries. The implications for health service policy of these finding a… Show more

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Cited by 96 publications
(60 citation statements)
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References 15 publications
(11 reference statements)
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“…These studies show that mortality varies systematically within the year; in most European countries and the US, higher mortality is observed during the winter season (Healy 2003;McKee 1989). The amplitude of these seasonal variations has decreased over time and it differs between countries (Rau 2004;Rau & Doblhammer 2003).…”
Section: Environmental Changesmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…These studies show that mortality varies systematically within the year; in most European countries and the US, higher mortality is observed during the winter season (Healy 2003;McKee 1989). The amplitude of these seasonal variations has decreased over time and it differs between countries (Rau 2004;Rau & Doblhammer 2003).…”
Section: Environmental Changesmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…Periods of extreme heat and extreme cold are scarce in the Netherlands, with maximum temperatures only sporadically exceeding 27°C and minimum temperatures rarely dropping below -10°C. As a consequence, the variation in temperature-related mortality is small by international standards (Healy, 2003;Keatinge et al, 1997;Keatinge et al, 2000;McKee, 1989). On the other hand, studies have documented that in countries with harsh climatic conditions during winter, winter excess mortality is lower than in countries with relatively warm or moderate climates, and this same mechanism applies to the excess mortality during summer.…”
Section: The Temperature-mortality Link As Topic For Historiansmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Extreme heat and extreme cold are scarce in the Netherlands, and even more so in the region that we have chosen to study: maximum temperatures in the Netherlands sporadically exceed 27° C, minimum temperatures are rarely below -10° C. As a consequence, the seasonal variation in mortality in the Netherlands is small by international standards (Healy 2003;Keatinge et al 1997;Keatinge et al 2000;McKee 1989). A further problem is that we do not have information on season-related variables, such as air pollution and influenza, which might have played a role in (changes in) winter and summer excess mortality.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%