Dealing with Employment Discrimination and Damaging Stereotypes: A Legal Perspective

Abstract

Claims of sex discrimination in individual cases generally require the complainant to identify a male in a similar situation who received better treatment. As academic employment opportunites decrease, such identifications become increasingly problematic. Even where adverse employment decisions are obviously grounded in sex‐based stereotypes, they are likely to be beyond the reach of antidiscrimination legislation. This article argues for an expansion of traditional notions of discrimination to permit antidiscrimination suits where the adverse employment decision was based on an expectation that women should conform to a certain pattern of behavior whether or not that expectation was based on hostility and whether or not there is a similarly situated male who received different treatment.

Cinsiyetçiliği Azaltmaya Yönelik Müdahale Çalışmalarına İlişkin Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme ve Bir Sınıflandırma Önerisi

“…düzenlenmiştir ve aslında kendiliğinden olumsuzluk barındırmaz (Schneider, 2005). Bununla birlikte önyargılarla olan güçlü bağı, kalıp yargıları yaklaşık yüz yıldır sosyal psikoloji alanyazınında önemli bir yere taşımıştır ve sıklıkla olumsuz etkileri bakımından ele alınmaktadır (Lamont, Swift ve Abrams, 2015;Rinehart, 1963;Taub, 1985). Cinsiyet Psikoloji Çalışmaları -Studies in Psychology Cilt/Volume: 41, Sayı/Issue: 3, 2021 ise, herhangi bir kişiye dair bilinçli veya bilinçsiz bir şekilde izlenim oluştururken ve/ veya çıkarımlarda bulunurken ilk bakışta -milisaniyeler içinde-görünebilir özelliklerden biri olması nedeniyle kalıp yargılar için en temel kaynaklardan birini oluşturmaktadır (Bkz.…”

Social‐Psychological Issues in Sex Discrimination

“…That women integrate work with other significant regions of their life space reduces the importance of their career efforts in men's eyes. Men whose life space has confined their experience predominantly to the work region may hold stereotypic views of career-minded women (Taub, 1985). Such men assume that women are not primarily workers, and that they have less need for status and financial reward.…”

“…The case studies of individuals and groups represented by the work of Anderson and Wilson (1985), Graham et al (1985), Walsh (1985), and Yoder (1985), empirical studies and reviews of factors affecting women's progress (Finkelstein, 1984;Lott, 1985), and an evaluation of the role of the courts (Farley, 1985;Gray, 1985) help build a base. Applying theory, Taub (1985) offers an additional possible remedy for the influence of stereotypes in the courts, while Fuehrer and Schilling (1985) explore organizational issues. We see theory building and application as the necessary next steps through which to interpret the findings.…”

“…but it has not significantly increased their being actually hired or retained (Finkelstein, 1984;Robbins & Kahn, 1985). Discriminatory attitudes influence the differential evaluation of male and female faculty with only minor differences by discipline or institution (Finkelstein, 1984;Lott, 1985;Taub, 1985). Women receive lower economic rewards in terms of salaries and associated fringe benefits than men and remain in rank significantly longer (Sandler, 1981).…”