“…Some of them [16,17] were proposed to deal with a specific type of message while others [3,6,19] used decentralized trust systems, relying on interactions with neighbors, which is not practical in the highly dynamic environment of a VANET. Several works [4,10,15,23] tried to cope with a specific type of attack, which can be a limitation whereas several others were designed to handle a specific challenge such as authentication [24], privacy [20,25] or localization [18,22]. Therefore, unlike other solutions, we propose an adaptive trust-based security scheme for message exchange in VANETs based on VGA, our new clustering algorithm designed to handle the dynamicity such networks.…”