Dealing with Citizen Response and Evacuation During Large-Scale Flooding in Industrial Societies

Helsloot, Ira; Bankoff, Greg; Groenendaal, Jelle

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-04253-9_149

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…People can reduce the risk of loss of life by moving to relatively safe places, such as shelters, safe havens, or even places prepared at home. Different types of evacuation can be identified based on the moment of the onset of a disaster and the destinations for the evacuees as follows: Preventive evacuation: from a potentially exposed area to a safe location outside this area. Vertical evacuation: the organization and the movement of people inside the potentially exposed area: Shelters: from home to strong buildings that offer protection for gathered people and goods. Safe havens: from home to areas inside the threatened zone that will not or be less affected. Shelter in place (or hide): from home to upper levels of residential buildings. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3,10) People can reduce the risk of loss of life by moving to relatively safe places, such as shelters, safe havens, or even places prepared at home. Different types of evacuation can be identified based on the moment of the onset of a disaster and the destinations for the evacuees as follows: (11) (1) Preventive evacuation: from a potentially exposed area to a safe location outside this area. (2) Vertical evacuation: the organization and the movement of people inside the potentially exposed area:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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EvacuAid: A Probabilistic Model to Determine the Expected Loss of Life for Different Mass Evacuation Strategies During Flood Threats

et al. 2012

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Evacuation of people in case of a threat is a possible risk management strategy. Evacuation has the potential to save lives, but it can be costly with respect to time, money, and credibility. The consequences of an evacuation strategy depend on a combination of the time available, citizen response, authority response, and capacity of the infrastructure. The literature that discusses evacuations in case of flood risk management focuses, in most cases, only on a best-case strategy as a preventive evacuation and excludes other possible strategies. This article introduces a probabilistic method, EvacuAid, to determine the benefits of different types of evacuation with regards to loss of life. The method is applied for a case study in the Netherlands for preventive and vertical evacuation due to flood risk. The results illustrate the impact of uncertainties in available time and actual conditions (e.g., the responses of citizens and authorities and the use of infrastructure). It is concluded that preparation for evacuation requires adaptive planning that takes preventive and vertical evacuation into account, based on a risk management approach.

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