Deactivation Processes, Regeneration Conditions and Reusability Performance of CaO or MgO Based Catalysts Used for Biodiesel Production—A Review

Zhang²,

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

et al. 2018

Calcium oxide‐based catalyst was produced from Venus shell by fast fluidized bed calcination for biodiesel synthesis. The kinetics of biodiesel synthesis was found to be a pseudo‐first‐order reaction at the experimental conditions. The obtained kinetic parameters were used for modeling the startup operation of biodiesel production in an industrial continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The model was found to agree well with the reagent concentration and temperature profiles in a real production practice during biodiesel production. The variations of initial temperature, initial reagent concentration in the reactor was investigated. It was found that the reagent concentration and temperature oscillated around the final steady state. From safety operation perspective, the first 4 h were found to be the most unsteady period during continuous production. The initial concentration of waste fry oil (WFO) was also found to be critical to the safe operation of CSTR. A violation of the settings for safe operation of CSTR will be triggered once the initial concentration of WFO in CSTR reaches 500 mol m−3. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13053, 2019

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Biodiesel production using calcium‐based catalyst from venus shell: Modeling of startup production in an industrial reactor

Zhang²,

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

et al. 2018

“…Table 2 summarized various mixed and sulphated metal oxides employed as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production. Mixed CaO-MgO had been reported as the most promising catalyst examined [45]. The authors observed that the addition of MgO on CaO and ZnO enhance their activities, but causes formation of soap in the reaction process.…”

Section: Mixed-metal Oxide and Sulphated-metal Oxide Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Application of Heterogeneous Catalyst in the Production of Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils

Yusuff

Adeniyi

Olutoye

et al. 2017

JASPE

Biodiesel has been considered as one of the interesting alternative and environmentally benign fuels. The development of environmental friendly heterogeneous catalyst for the esterification/transesterification process seems to be promising route and the reason why it is more preferred to conventional homogeneous and enzymatic catalyzed reactions is discussed. However, investigation on heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production is extensively carried out based on previous research studies. In order to reduce cost of biodiesel production, evaluation and characterization of heterogeneous catalytic materials before and after its preparation provide facts on the process that have significant impact on the desired activity and selectivity properties. This review study provides a comprehensive overview of common process techniques usually employ in producing biodiesel. Different materials that serve as sources of heterogeneous catalysts to transesterify oils or fats for production of biodiesel with emphasis on selection criteria of solid catalytic materials are also highlighted. The potential heterogeneous catalyst that could be derived from anthill, various methods of preparing solid catalysts, as well as reusability and leaching analysis are discussed in details.143 source for alternate fuel, which is sulphur content free, non-poisonous, renewable and biodegradable [6], this becomes imperative due to the fact that, the depletion of petroleum-based fuel has increased the price of diesel extraordinarily and also, greenhouse gas emission is of environmental concern [7].

“…One of the aim using this method is to activate the hydrophilic materials from the moisture or other compounds, such as carbonate ions, that attach on their surface [4].…”

Section: The Role Of Hexane (Washing Agent) and Calcination For Catalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The contaminants attach on the catalyst surface, fill the pore, and cover the active sites of the catalyst. Such conditions led to the low accessibility of the active sites of metal oxides to the reactants, which significantly inibit the activity of the catalyst [4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oueda et al [4] reported that some catalysts based on CaO and MgO need to be regenerated by several methods, such as washing with hexane, acetone, methanol and followed by calcination up to 900˚C. The activity of the regenerated catalysts was then tested in transesterification of vegetable oils and showed such low activity compare to that using the fresh catalysts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Study on Deactivation and Regeneration of Modified Red Mud Catalyst Used in Biodiesel Production

Wahyudi¹,

Kurniawan²,

Hinode³

2017

GSC

Deactivation of solid catalyst often occurs in biodiesel production. In this work, deactivated modified red mud catalysts used in biodiesel production were regenerated with hexane and calcination treatments. The deactivated and regenerated catalysts were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, TG, N 2 adsorption, measured for their basic strength, and tested in the transesterification of canola oil. The results revealed that the main cause of the catalyst deactivation is due to obstruction of the active sites by contaminants. The regeneration by washing with hexane followed by calcination can effectively improve the properties of the deactivated catalyst and increase its catalytic activity.