De Delphes à l'Oxus, inscriptions grecques nouvelles de la Bactriane

Robert, Louis

doi:10.3406/crai.1968.12291

Cited by 67 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…[Figure 10.3 -coin from Ai Khanoum] Even if it is hard to tell whether hybridity went beyond forms of cultural co-option of or by the local elite, the evidence suggests even more complex and reciprocal dynamics of cultural interaction than those revealed in the earlier classic study of Greek civic culture in Bactria (Robert 1968), where the surprising discovery of a set of Delphic moral maxims inscribed at Ai Khanoum is explained mainly in terms of export and defence of Greek culture (cf. Mairs 2016: 73-4).…”

Section: New Poleis and Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the Classical PolisExpanding Citizenship and Connecting Communities

Gray¹

2022

A Cultural History of Democracy in Antiquity

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Ancient democracy raises an acute challenge for modern liberal democrats, committed to both moral universalism and equal participatory democracy: the most famous case, Classical Athens, supposedly a congenial ancestor of modern democracies, is widely known to have tended to exclude all those outside an elite of male home citizens, denying full civic participation to women, foreigners and slaves. The problem is deeper than the mere coexistence of democracy and exclusivity. As also noted in Chapter 6 and elsewhere in this volume, the suspicion is ever present that Classical Athens' undoubted success in achieving political equality and participation among male citizens was itself dependent on, indeed built on, a system of exclusion of all outside that enfranchised group. Ancient democracy thus throws into relief the challenges confronted by modern political theorists who analyse, and seek to resolve, the tensions between moral universalism and 'bounded' democracy (e.g Benhabib 2006).This chapter investigates this problematic relationship between democracy and exclusivity in different ancient democratic communities, including Athens (studied together with republican Rome in section 2), but also many others. On the one hand, 2 close study of the ancient evidence amply confirms that exclusivity, combined with the demonisation of those outside the in-group, was often an effective short-cut to the levels of internal solidarity and trust necessary to sustain a demanding democratic system.On the other hand, the ancient world also offers wide-ranging evidence for experiments in 'expanding the polis', often combined with attempts to preserve the institutions and ethos of democracy. This was not merely a question of philosophers imagining a cosmopolitan utopia. It was also a matter of practical experiments in widening access to citizenship or in binding together disparate individuals and groups, of different origins, in shared political institutions, often covering a wide geographical area.Many such experiments were undertaken by the city-states of the Hellenistic era (c. 323-31 BC), which are the focus of section 3. These were the city-states which existed within and between the vast monarchies of the complex, multicultural world created by Alexander the Great's conquest of the Near and Middle East, which brought Greek political and cultural models into constant interaction with those of many other civilisations (see Thonemann 2016 for a recent overview). Against this background, many city-states doubled down on exclusivity, fending off newcomers, especially those of alien cultural background. Simultaneously, however, many other city-states, or groups of city-states, launched complex experiments in loosening or broadening citizenship, sometimes by inventing new unions of two or more city-states, macrocosms of a single polis, with their own adapted institutions, often democratic ones. Section 3 assesses the complex relationship between 'expansion of the polis' and democracy in these Hellenistic cases, linking them to broader ...

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Section: New Poleis and Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the Classical PolisExpanding Citizenship and Connecting Communities

Gray¹

2022

A Cultural History of Democracy in Antiquity

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“…Besides the buildings, an impressive amount of pottery fragments, sculpture, jewelry, coins and inscriptions revealed details of city's culture, administration and relation with non-Greeks communities. Consider, for example, the famous Clearchus' inscription on a stone base, found in 1966 at the sanctuary of the city founder Kineas (Robert, 1968;Holt, 1999: 37-47;Verhasselt, forthcoming). The inscription says the one Clearchus -probably the Clearchus of Soli, an Aristotle's disciple -brought the Delphic maxims; the last maxim, inscribed over the base, reads: 'As a child, be well-behaved; in puberty, be self-restraint; in middle age, be righteous; as an old man, be well-advised; upon death, be without sorrow' (Verhasselt, forthcoming: 9).…”

Section: Bactria In the Recent Hellenistic History And Archaeologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Before Aï-Khanoum: Historiographical Representation of Hellenistic Bactria In Barthold Niebur's Vötrage Über Alte Geschichte

Morales¹,

Reghin²

2019

Herodoto

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This paper deals with the historiographical representation of Hellenistic Bactria in Barthold Niebuhr's Lectures on Ancient History, based on lectures given at Bonn University in the 1820's and published in German and English in the 1850's. The first part offers a panorama of archaeological, epigraphic and numismatic research after the great French excavations in Afghanistan in the 1960 and 1970's. The second part discusses how Niebuhr, facing a poorly documented Bactrian history and archaeology, articulate source criticism, demographic, moral and racial reasoning and contemporary political debate. The paper concludes with a summary of the discussion, arguing for the necessity of historicization of historiographical syntheses as well in nineteenth century as today, especially in the context of Global History.

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“…Além dos edifícios, uma imensa quantidade de cerâmica, escultura, joalheria, moedas e inscrições revelaram detalhes da cultura, administração e da relação com os não-gregos por parte da colônia grega. Um dos exemplos mais impressionantes é a famosa inscrição descoberta em 1966 no santuário do fundador Cineas (Robert, 1968;Holt, 1999: 37-47;Verhasselt, no prelo). A inscrição diz que Clearco, identificado por estudiosos como Clearco de Soli, discípulo de Aristóteles, trouxe de Delfos as máximas gravadas em uma estela colocada acima de uma base, o único elemento conservado; provavelmente por motivo de espaço, a última máxima foi inscrita na própria base, onde se lê: "quando criança, aprenda boas maneiras; quando jovem, controle suas paixões; quando adulto, seja justo; quando velho, dê bons conselhos; diante da morte, sem tristeza" (Verhasselt,no prelo: 9).…”

Section: A Báctria Na História Helenística Recenteunclassified

Muito antes de Ai-Khanoum: a representação historiográfica da Báctria helenística nas Lições de História Antiga de Barthold Niebuhr

Morales

Reghin

2019

Herodoto

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O presente artigo trata das representações historiográficas da Báctria helenística nas Lições de História Antiga de Barthold Niebuhr, ministradas na Universidade de Bonn na década de 1820 e publicadas em alemão e inglês na década de 1850. Após um panorama do quadro atual das pesquisas sobre a Báctria Helenística, revolucionado pelas escavações francesas nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, o artigo explora o modo como Niebuhr, diante de um então pouco documentado objeto histórico, articula crítica documental, raciocínio demográfico, moral e racial, e os debates políticos contemporâneos. O artigo conclui com uma síntese da discussão, defendendo a necessidade da historicização das sínteses historiográficastanto do século XIX quanto as atuais, especialmente no contexto da História Global.

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De Delphes à l'Oxus, inscriptions grecques nouvelles de la Bactriane

Cited by 67 publications

References 0 publications

Beyond the Classical PolisExpanding Citizenship and Connecting Communities

Beyond the Classical PolisExpanding Citizenship and Connecting Communities

Long Before Aï-Khanoum: Historiographical Representation of Hellenistic Bactria In Barthold Niebur's Vötrage Über Alte Geschichte

Muito antes de Ai-Khanoum: a representação historiográfica da Báctria helenística nas Lições de História Antiga de Barthold Niebuhr

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