Das Untere Meer

Heimpel, Wolfgang

doi:10.1515/zava.1987.77.1.22

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…dioritic and gabbroid rocks; see e.g. Heimpel 1987: 69; Boudier, Monié & Kervran, in press), copper is mentioned repeatedly, in the context of copper traders from Dilmun and Meluhha (Weisgerber 1981a).…”

Section: Dilmun Magan and Meluhhamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A famous inscription from this period comes from Sargon of Agade (2334–2279 BC) who mentions ships from Dilmun, Magan and Meluhha docking at his quay (Hirsch 1963; Potts 1990). Whatever this may mean specifically —Heimpel (1987: 42) discusses the technical absurdity of such an endeavour except as a celebration or to demonstrate political power — it unquestionably documents trade contacts between the three countries and Agade. Other texts report on the presence in Mesopotamia of traders from Meluhha, and on copper that is shipped directly from Magan (Weisgerber 1981a; 1983).…”

Section: Dilmun Magan and Meluhhamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lead isotope and chemical signature of copper from Oman and its occurrence in Mesopotamia and sites on the Arabian Gulf coast

Begemann

Hauptmann

Schmitt-Strecker

et al. 2010

Arab Archaeol Epigr

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Lead isotope data, together with an evaluation of previously published results for the chemical composition of Omani ores and copper‐base artefacts are used to define a material signature of Omani copper. Absent from our group of Bronze Age metal (Umm an Nar and Wadi Suq periods) are the signature of ores from Masirah Island and also from the vast deposits in north Oman inland from Suhar. Contemporaneous copper from Bahrain and from Tell Abraq on the Gulf coast is consistent in its material signature with Omani copper; a derivation from Omani ores of this copper is highly likely. A few exceptions at Tell Abraq point to Faynan/Timna in the southern Levant as a possible source region. Among Mesopotamian artefacts the signature of Omani copper is encountered during all cultural periods from Uruk at the end of the fourth millennium BC to Akkadian 1000 years later. Oman/Magan appears to have been particularly important during Early Dynastic III and Akkadian when about half of the copper in circulation bears the Omani signature.

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Section: Dilmun Magan and Meluhhamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dilmun Magan and Meluhhamentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead isotope and chemical signature of copper from Oman and its occurrence in Mesopotamia and sites on the Arabian Gulf coast

Begemann

Hauptmann

Schmitt-Strecker

et al. 2010

Arab Archaeol Epigr

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“…It has been documented that while the more or less regular dealings that existed during the Sagonic period with distant Meluhha in the Indus Valley ceased, right from the onset of the Ur III period Magan was established as an important supplier of copper to Mesopotamian merchants (Heimpel 1987). This status is clearly expressed by Ur‐Namma (2113–2095 BC) who claims to have re‐established the Magan trade during his reign, and by his contemporary Gudea ( c. 2100 BC) who, in his famous dedicatory inscriptions, proclaims that Magan provides Lagash with diorite for the carving of statues (Steinkeller, in press: 23).…”

Section: The First Horizon — the ‘Magan’ Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

Mesopotamian ceramics from the burial mounds of Bahrain, c.2250-1750 BC

Laursen¹

2011

Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy

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Among the ceramic vessels recovered from the burial mounds of Bahrain, a small percentage represents Mesopotamian imports or local emulations of such. In this paper two overall horizons are distinguished in these Mesopotamian ceramics. These are significant because both coincide with major stages in Mesopotamia’s interaction with the populations of the ‘Lower Sea’. The first import horizon is comprised of a vessel type found exclusively in the scattered mounds of Early Type which pre‐date the rise of the Dilmun ‘state’ proper. The distribution of these vessels outside their areas of production demonstrates how they circulated widely in a network elsewhere considered to reflect the orbit of Mesopotamia’s late third‐millennium ‘Magan trade’. Here it is consequently concluded that this particular type represents an important fossile directeur of the ‘Magan trade’ and pre‐Dilmun florescence. The vessels that make up the subsequent horizon of Mesopotamian imports are found exclusively in the compact mound cemeteries and thus coincide with the heyday of Dilmun. On these grounds it is argued that the two horizons are the product of, respectively, the Ur III network of ‘Magan trade’ and the contracted Isin‐Larsa network of ‘Dilmun trade’.

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“…15). Diorites and gabbros-as the hard dark stones used by the Akkadians for royal statuary have proved to be 49 -occur both in Oman and in southern Iran north-northeast of Bandar Abbas 46 Translation based on Heimpel 1987: 75, no. 16.…”

Section: Sargonic Inscribed Stone Vesselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foreign Stone Vessels of the Late Third Millennium B.C. from Southern Mesopotamia: Their Origins and Mechanisms of Exchange

Potts¹

1989

Iraq

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Das Untere Meer

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Lead isotope and chemical signature of copper from Oman and its occurrence in Mesopotamia and sites on the Arabian Gulf coast

Lead isotope and chemical signature of copper from Oman and its occurrence in Mesopotamia and sites on the Arabian Gulf coast

Mesopotamian ceramics from the burial mounds of Bahrain, c.2250-1750 BC

Foreign Stone Vessels of the Late Third Millennium B.C. from Southern Mesopotamia: Their Origins and Mechanisms of Exchange

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