Das Problem der Genomsonderung in den Mitosen unbehandelter Rattenlebern

Gläss, Eberhard

doi:10.1007/bf01259515

Cited by 41 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Interpretively, F-dPCs are homozygous cells from diploid conversion of haploid segregated chromosomal groups. Glass (1957) did karyology of the grouped rat chromosomes (2n=40) and showed conclusively haploid genomes, which however, did not succeed for the present human (2n=46) groupings. Direct proof for human-cell haploidization must await molecular (SNP array) studies of F-dPCs in laboratories with equipment and expertise.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Normal Human Cells Acquiring Proliferative Advantage to Hyperplasia-Like Growth-Morphology: Aberrant Progeny Cells Associated With Endopolyploid and Haploid Divisions

Walen¹

2013

CCO

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Today, cancer-patients can seek individual genomic tailored therapy, but at escalating costs. However, cancer-incidence reduction would reduce such health-cost. The essence of this report is a cell-culture experimental approach for the production of genetically unstable cells from normal cells which with accumulation of “mutations” might reveal early, neoplastic-like pathology. Summarily the experimental focus was on: 1) establishment of a simple nutritional method (amino acid deprivation) for young-cell-response with depoly-ploidization of endopolyploid cells to diploid CIN-cells, 2) a first time observation of a fast growing new, small cell-type, appearing time-correlated with haploid segregations in normal, fibroblast metaphases and 3) growth characteristics of the progeny cells in 1) and 2) which from their young-cell derivation, could be growth-extended in cultural passages. This would hypothetically model early tumorigenic progression from normal cells. These studies revealed gain of proliferative advantage (GPA), multilayered, changed patterns of growth, focal 3-D cell-heaps with cell polarity change, and star-like mitotic forms. Comparatively, these developments were typical of hyperplasias. The transiency of the originating genome reductive mechanisms may have prevented earlier detections. It is discussed that present growth-changes were responses to homozygous-caused loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of putative pro-proliferation genetics, whereas leukemic and some solid tumor cells showed hemizygous-caused LOH in near-haploid clonal proliferations. The practical outcome is an experimentally simple, nutrition-based model system for SNP-based haplo-karyotyping of the two aberrant cell-types with GPA, which is a cancer, fundamental trait. Never before have cellular mechanism been shown to initiate in normal, human cells, neoplastic-like proliferative responses.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Normal Human Cells Acquiring Proliferative Advantage to Hyperplasia-Like Growth-Morphology: Aberrant Progeny Cells Associated With Endopolyploid and Haploid Divisions

Walen¹

2013

CCO

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“…An ability of adult cells to isolate haploid genomes or even sort out maternal and paternal chromosomes was also deduced from work on rat liver. Diploid metaphase spreads were described to be separable by a single line in two haploid sets of chromosomes while other spreads had only a haploid set of chromosomes ("Genomsonderung";Gläss 1956Gläss , 1957. The latter was also reported for fibroblasts of the mouse Microtus agrestis (Pera and Rainer 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Parental genomes mix in mule and human cell nuclei

et al. 2009

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Whether chromosome sets inherited from father and mother occupy separate spaces in the cell nucleus is a question first asked over 110 years ago. Recently, the nuclear organization of the genome has come increasingly into focus as an important level of epigenetic regulation. In this context, it is indispensable to know whether or not parental genomes are spatially separated. Genome separation had been demonstrated for plant hybrids and for the early mammalian embryo. Conclusive studies for somatic mammalian cell nuclei are lacking because homologous chromosomes from the two parents cannot be distinguished within a species. We circumvented this problem by investigating the three-dimensional distribution of chromosomes in mule lymphocytes and fibroblasts. Genomic DNA of horse and donkey was used as probes in fluorescence in situ hybridization under conditions where only tandem repetitive sequences were detected. We thus could determine the distribution of maternal and paternal chromosome sets in structurally preserved interphase nuclei for the first time. In addition, we investigated the distribution of several pairs of chromosomes in human bilobed granulocytes. Qualitative and quantitative image evaluation did not reveal any evidence for the separation of parental genomes. On the contrary, we observed mixing of maternal and paternal chromosome sets.

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“…This verifies the original observation of unbent bichromatid chromosomes in star segregation products (Walen, 2007a; Figure 1C). Another expression of endopolyploid irregular division, described by Glass (1957), is so-called groupings of bichromatid chromosomes ( Figure 1T, 7 shown). These near-diploid chromosomal groups are thought to be derived from endopolyploid reduction division.…”

Section: Polar View Metaphases N (%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome reversion process of endopolyploidy confers chromosome instability on the descendent diploid cells

Walen

2012

Cell Biology International

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Endotetraploidy with 4-chromatid chromosomes divides by a bipolar, 2-step meiotic-like division back to diploidy (subcells), which is chiefly achieved by co-segregation of whole genomes uncoupled from spindle participation. This study shows diploid subcell inheritance of endopolyploid-division traits: perpendicular division relative to the cytoskeleton axis, dysfunctional centromere/kinetochore regions and whole genomic separations from co-segregation. The assimilation of these traits into the innate mitotic machinery of the subcells resulted in diploid mitotic divisions that tolerated mild disturbances in cycling progression and in chromosomal distributions. The data were interpreted as demonstrating a blending together of endopolyploid and mitotic division traits with result of an endo-modified mitosis in subcell propagation. Additionally, chromosomal stickiness caused breakage in anaphase/telophase. The observations are discussed in regard to a potential for slowly developing aneuploidy with increasing genomic complexity, which is widely accepted to be the basic route in tumorigenesis.

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Das Problem der Genomsonderung in den Mitosen unbehandelter Rattenlebern

Cited by 41 publications

References 38 publications

Normal Human Cells Acquiring Proliferative Advantage to Hyperplasia-Like Growth-Morphology: Aberrant Progeny Cells Associated With Endopolyploid and Haploid Divisions

Normal Human Cells Acquiring Proliferative Advantage to Hyperplasia-Like Growth-Morphology: Aberrant Progeny Cells Associated With Endopolyploid and Haploid Divisions

Parental genomes mix in mule and human cell nuclei

Genome reversion process of endopolyploidy confers chromosome instability on the descendent diploid cells

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