Das Latente Erdbeerringflecken-Virus aus Evonymus, Robinia und Aesculus

Schmelzer, K.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1969.tb03082.x

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Viral diseases on Euonymus europaeus have been found, including a strain of cucumber mosaic virus (Barnett & Baxter 1974), euonymus mosaic (a strain of the tobacco necrosis virus –Mali 1976), strawberry latent ringspot (Schmelzer 1969) and, in the USA, a strain of the cherry leaf roll virus that caused leaf mottling, chlorosis, stunting of shoots and witches’‐brooms (Larsen, Gergerich & Kim (1990).…”

Section: Herbivory and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Euonymus europaeus* L.

2010

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Summary1. This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Euonymus europaeus that are relevant to understand its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history, and conservation. 2. Euonymus europaeus (Spindle tree) is a native gynodioecious deciduous shrub whose distribution is mostly associated with fertile soil at higher pH values. It is frequently found in hedgerows and woodland edges but also in woodland as an understorey shrub, often with Fraxinus excelsior, Acer campestre and Quercus species, and in open scrub over limestone with Cornus sanguinea. Its seed is widely dispersed by birds and rodents. 3. Euonymus europaeus is winter hardy and shade tolerant and, when young, its green shoots with stomata fix c. 15% of its CO 2 . The aril is eaten by a range of animals but the seeds are poisonous and the whole plant contains compounds of medicinal and veterinary value. 4. Euonymus europaeus acts as the winter host to two important crop pests: the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae) which feeds on field beans (Vicia faba) and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), and the peach potato aphid ⁄ green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) a widespread pest of a large number of crops. Despite removal of E. europaeus from hedgerows and woodlands in the past, its present populations appear stable.Key-words: climatic limitation, communities, conservation, ecophysiology, geographical and altitudinal distribution, germination, herbivory, mycorrhiza, parasites and diseases, reproductive biology, soils Spindle or Spindle tree. Celastraceae. Euonymus europaeus L. (Euonymus vulgaris Mill.) is a. much-branched, non-spiny, deciduous, glabrous or minutely hairy shrub or small tree to 2-6(8) m. Bark grey, smooth. Buds small (2-4 mm), ovoid, greenish, acute, bud scales with a dark edge. Twigs green, ±4-angled, branches at almost right angles to shoot. Leaves opposite, green, often turning red in autumn, 3-8(13) cm long, c. 1.5-4-cm wide, elliptical or oblong-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, entire or crenate-serrulate, base cuneate; petiole 6-12 mm, grooved along the top. Flowers in 3-to 10-flowered, dichotomous axillary, pedunculate cymes, glabrous, 8-10 mm diameter, usually four-merous, parts borne around a broad green nectary, frequently called hermaphroditic but in reality gynodioecious. Petals thicker than the sepals, greenish, oblong, widely separated, the ventral surface papillate. Ovary partially inferior, placentation axile, the stigmatic lobes opening like a mouth as they become receptive. Stamens partially fused with the ovary wall. Fruits a deep pink or (very rarely) white fleshy capsule, normally four-locular (with two ovules per loculus), 8-15 mm across, opening to show bright orange arils which completely (or almost so...

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Section: Herbivory and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Euonymus europaeus* L.

2010

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“…The agent, which is mostly found latent in berry fruits such as strawberries and raspberries, can sometimes cause infections resulting in mottling and back-drying [161]. It is found naturally in many berry species as well as in cherries, grapes, plums, peaches, Sambucus nigra, asparagus, celery, gladiolus, daffodils, and roses, as well as in many wild species, usually asymptomatic [162]. The presence of the agent has been reported in some countries in Europe, Oceania, North America, and in Israel and Turkey from Asian countries.…”

Section: Scientific Name Family References B Annual Narrow-leaf Weedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Studies on Strawberries

2023

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This book presents recent developments and new production methods in strawberry cultivation. It provides a broad overview and comprehensive discussion of current challenges in production, consumption, breeding, disease and pest control, and postharvest processing. The aim of the book is to bring together information about topics including the world distribution of strawberry plants, genetic resources, reproduction techniques, biotic and abiotic stresses and diseases caused by climate change, the challenges of control methods, and the benefits of strawberries for human health. All the chapters present detailed analyses written by experts on the subject. The book is an essential resource for virtually everyone involved in strawberry research and development, including academics, industry professionals, and farmers who produce strawberries commercially, as well as consumers.The strawberry plant is a good source of antioxidants due to the vitamins A and C and flavonoids that it contains due to anthocyanin, which gives the fruit its bright red color, quercetin pigment and, especially, antioxidant effect. It is also known that strawberries, together with their antioxidant effect, prevent the increase of free radicals that cause various types of cancer and oxidative stress, and are a dietary fruit. As a result of these characteristics, there has been an increasing trend toward the consumption of strawberries and other berry fruits in recent years. Strawberries are among the plants suitable for intensive agricultural production, and their suitability for vertical, horizontal and soilless cultivation is attracting the attention of new investors. In terms of processing technology, they are a raw material source for many food sectors.Special thanks are due to assistant editor İlbilge Oğuz and Author Service Manager Romina Rovan for their courteous help and dedicated efforts, without which this book would never have been published.

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“…(avium, armeniaca, cerasus, domestica, dulcis, laurocerasus, persica) Grapevine Grapevine Grapevine Grapevine Besides their transmission by nematodes, discussed in more details in section 3.1.1.5, ArMV, RpRSV, SLRSV and TBRV are also all mechanically transmissible viruses. ArMV was shown to be mechanically transmissible to 93 species of 28 different dicotyledonous plant genera, SLRSV to 126 species out of 27 families (Schmelzer, 1969), RpRSV to species belonging to 12 families and TBRV to 76 species from 29 dicotyledonous plant families (Schmelzer, 1963).…”

Section: Host Range and Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific opinion on the risk to plant health posed by Arabis mosaic virus, Raspberry ringspot virus, Strawberry latent ringspot virus and Tomato black ring virus to the EU territory with the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options

2013

EFS2

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The Panel on Plant Health assessed the risk to plant health of Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV), Raspberry ringspot virus (RpRSV) and Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) for the European Union (EU) territory, and evaluated the current EU legislation and possible risk reduction options. These viruses are largely restricted to Europe and their vector nematodes and at‐risk hosts occur widely in Europe. Plants for planting were identified as the most significant entry pathway and the probability of entry is rated as unlikely to moderately likely for ArMV and as very unlikely to unlikely for RpRSV, SLRSV and TBRV. These ratings have moderate uncertainty. The probability of establishment is rated very likely with low uncertainty. The probability of local spread by natural means is likely, with low to medium uncertainty, whereas that of human‐assisted long‐distance spread is unlikely to moderately likely, with high uncertainty. Potential impact is rated minimal to minor in all hosts, with the exception of ArMV in grapevine, for which it is minor to moderate. These ratings have medium or high uncertainty. The current legislation addresses only two of the many host species of these viruses, but other weaknesses were also identified. If the current legislation were removed, no major consequences would be expected unless the industry simultaneously ceased its voluntary certification activity. Prohibition and the use of phytosanitary certificates, if covering the complete host ranges of the viruses and relying on appropriate tests, are the options with highest effectiveness against the risk of introduction whereas certification schemes and pest‐free areas or production sites are those with the highest effectiveness against the spread and impact risks. All options have limitations in feasibility, with uncertainty ratings from moderate to high. The combination of partially effective options may be highly effective in some crops.

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Das Latente Erdbeerringflecken-Virus aus Evonymus, Robinia und Aesculus

Cited by 20 publications

References 13 publications

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Euonymus europaeus* L.

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Euonymus europaeus* L.

Recent Studies on Strawberries

Scientific opinion on the risk to plant health posed by Arabis mosaic virus, Raspberry ringspot virus, Strawberry latent ringspot virus and Tomato black ring virus to the EU territory with the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options

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Das Latente Erdbeerringflecken-Virus aus Evonymus, Robinia und Aesculus

Cited by 20 publications

References 13 publications

Biological Flora of the British Isles*: Euonymus europaeus L.

Biological Flora of the British Isles*: Euonymus europaeus L.

Recent Studies on Strawberries

Scientific opinion on the risk to plant health posed by Arabis mosaic virus, Raspberry ringspot virus, Strawberry latent ringspot virus and Tomato black ring virus to the EU territory with the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Euonymus europaeus* L.

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Euonymus europaeus* L.