Dark clouds and their silver linings: exotic generalist predators in augmentative biological control

Clercq, Patrick De

doi:10.1590/s1519-566x2002000200001

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, even when experiments suggest that the biological control agent may be able to overwinter (e.g. Babendreier et al, 2003c), establishment of that agent is far from certain (Clercq, 2002). For successful overwintering, temporal and spatial matching of suitable hosts and biological control agents, as well as other resources such as refuges, are important.…”

Section: Overwintering/establishmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods Used to Assess Non-target Effects of Invertebrate Biological Control Agents of Arthropod Pests

2005

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The number of concerns regarding potential non-target effects of invertebrate biological control agents of arthropods has risen over the last decade and an increasing number of studies have since dealt with this topic. Despite some recent international initiatives aimed at providing guidance for risk assessment of biological control agents, detailed methods on how tests should be designed and conducted to assess for potential non-target effects still need to be provided. It is believed that this review comes at an ideal time, giving an overview of methods currently applied in the study of non-target effects in biological control of arthropod pests. It provides the first step towards the ultimate goal of devising guidelines for the appropriate methods that should be universally applied for the assessment and minimisation of potential non-target effects. The main topics that are reviewed here include host specificity (including field surveys, selection of non-target test species and testing protocols), post-release studies, competition, overwintering and dispersal. Finally, a number of conclusions that have emerged from this comprehensive compilation of studies are drawn, addressing potential non-target effects in arthropod biological control.

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Section: Overwintering/establishmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods Used to Assess Non-target Effects of Invertebrate Biological Control Agents of Arthropod Pests

2005

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“…The use of factitious foods may lower production costs by reducing problems associated with space and manpower required for the mass rearing of live prey and by enhancing the mechanization of the rearing procedures (Waage et al, 1985;De Clercq, 2002;De Clercq et al, 2005). One challenge in developing a factitious (or unnatural) food for a predator is to find a diet which can fully support the growth and reproduction of the natural enemy without deleterious effects on its fitness as a biological control agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food consumption and immature growth of Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on a natural prey and a factitious food

Jalali¹,

Tirry²,

Clercq³

2009

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. One factor limiting the adoption of aphidophagous coccinellids in augmentative biological control is cost-effective mass production. The use of factitious foods may lower production costs by reducing space and manpower requirements for mass rearing of the predator and its prey and by enhancing mechanization of rearing procedures. The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of food conversion, consumption indices and growth rates of first to fourth instars of Adalia bipunctata when fed either a mixture of Ephestia kuehniella eggs and fresh bee pollen, or on the natural prey Myzus persicae. Larval survival did not differ among treatments, averaging 80 and 90% on the respective diets. Mean dry body weights of the coccinellid were significantly lower on M. persicae than on the factitious food only for second instars and the pre-pupal stage. Dry food consumption by the predator throughout larval development averaged 20.61 mg on factitious food and 14.82 mg (corresponding to an average of 284 third and fourth instars) on M. persicae. The efficiency of conversion of ingested food for total larval development averaged 25 and 30% on factitious food and aphids, respectively. The relative growth rate of the larval instars was higher on aphids, whereas the consumption index was higher on the mixture of E. kuehniella eggs and pollen. An additional experiment showed that rearing the previous instars on the factitious food had no substantial effect on aphid consumption in the fourth instar. The study suggests that this factitious diet may be an appropriate food source for mass rearing A. bipunctata.

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“…In laboratory trials, this predator has displayed high attack rates against caterpillars of different economically important noctuid pests (Mahdian et al 2006). It may therefore be a valuable alternative for the Nearctic pentatomid Podisus maculiventris (Say), the augmentative use of which has largely been abandoned in Europe given its possible environmental impact as an exotic polyphagous predator (De Clercq 2002;van Lenteren et al 2003). Although there are several reports documenting the effects of pesticides on pentatomid predators within the Asopinae subfamily, no study has addressed the impact of pesticides on P. bidens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of the predatory stinkbug Picromerus bidens to selected insecticides

et al. 2007

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The Palaearctic stinkbug Picromerus bidens L. (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) has been considered as a potential biocontrol agent of several defoliator pests in various agricultural and forest ecosystems. It may therefore be a valuable alternative for the Nearctic pentatomid Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), the augmentative use of which has largely been abandoned in Europe given its possible environmental impact as an exotic polyphagous predator. However, no study has yet documented the impact of insecticides on P. bidens, which is essential to evaluate the possible combination of this predatory pentatomid with current insecticide applications in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. This study reports on laboratory experiments investigating the susceptibility of P. bidens to five insecticides with different modes of action: the pyrethroid deltamethrin, the diacylhydrazine methoxyfenozide, the juvenile hormone mimic pyriproxyfen, the spinosyn spinosad, and the neonicotinoid imidacloprid, all of which are used to control defoliator pests. Fourth-instar nymphs and female adults of the predator were exposed to formulated materials of the insecticides by residual contact. Methoxyfenozide and spinosad did not cause significant mortality to 4th instars and female adults of P. bidens. In contrast, deltamethrin and imidacloprid were harmful to nymphs and adults of the predator, with LC 50 values ranging between 1.5 and 9.9 mg a.i./l. Pyriproxyfen was toxic to 4th instars with an LC 50 value of 13.9 mg a.i./l but did not affect female adults. Reproduction and longevity of P. bidens were not adversely affected when the predator was exposed to field concentrations of spinosad, methoxyfenozide, or pyriproxyfen, or sublethal concentrations (around LC 10 ) of deltamethrin and imidacloprid. The results from residual contact experiments suggest that methoxyfenozide, spinosad, and to a lesser extent, pyriproxyfen may be compatible with P. bidens in an IPM programme. Further experiments assessing food chain toxicity of these compounds should offer a more complete picture of their selectivity.

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Dark clouds and their silver linings: exotic generalist predators in augmentative biological control

Cited by 33 publications

References 18 publications

Methods Used to Assess Non-target Effects of Invertebrate Biological Control Agents of Arthropod Pests

Methods Used to Assess Non-target Effects of Invertebrate Biological Control Agents of Arthropod Pests

Food consumption and immature growth of Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on a natural prey and a factitious food

Susceptibility of the predatory stinkbug Picromerus bidens to selected insecticides

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