Dark chocolate as a stable carrier of microencapsulated Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus casei

Marcial-Coba, Martín Sebastián; Saaby, Lasse; Knøchel, Susanne; Nielsen, Dennis Sandris

doi:10.1093/femsle/fny290s

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…One of the benefits of using chocolate as carrier for the delivery of bioactive compounds is that it can mask unpleasant flavors. Therefore, bioactive ingredient such as ω-3 PUFAs, probiotics, phenolic extracts, vitamins, and minerals have been successfully added to chocolate formulations [ 9 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Likewise, chocolate is also used as an ingredient for different food formulations, thus functional chocolates could also be used to fortify different foods.…”

Section: Chocolate As Carrier For the Delivery Of Bioactive Ingredientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, dark chocolate formulation was added with A. muciniphila and L. casei showing a final bacterial count of >1 × 10 7 CFU/g after 60 days of storage at 4 °C and 15 °C. Using this chocolate, an in vitro study was performed under gastric transit, where from an initial concentration of 9 log CFU/g the bacterial count was reduced by 1.9 log CFU/g during exposure for 35 min [ 40 ]. Similarly, three chocolate formulations (milk, white, and dark) added with immobilized Lactobacillus casei 01 and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 showed to maintain the viability of probiotics > 1 × 10 6 CFU/g during 60 days of storage at 4 °C.…”

Section: Chocolate As Carrier For the Delivery Of Bioactive Ingredientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chocolate as Carrier to Deliver Bioactive Ingredients: Current Advances and Future Perspectives

Faccinetto-Beltrán

Gómez-Fernández

Santacruz

et al. 2021

Foods

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Consumer demand for healthier foods with improved taste and convenience has urged the food industry to develop functional foods added with bioactive ingredients that can supplement basic nutrition (food supplement) or exert a pharmacological effect (nutraceuticals). Chocolate could be used as an ideal carrier to deliver bioactive ingredients, mainly due to its high acceptability by consumers. However, a drawback of using chocolate as functional food is its high sugar content, which impedes its commercialization with the diabetic population. Therefore, there is need to develop sugar-free chocolate formulations added with bioactive ingredients. Nevertheless, sugar replacement and bioactive ingredients addition is a major technological challenge that affects texture, rheology, and sensory properties of chocolate. This review is designed as a practical guide for researchers and food industries to develop the next generation of functional chocolates. Different functional chocolate formulations, including sugar-free, are reviewed as potential carriers for the delivery of bioactive compounds. The physicochemical properties and sensory acceptability of the functional chocolates presented are also highlighted. Finally, future perspectives, such as the use of nanotechnology to improve the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of active ingredients, as well as the need for clinical trials to validate the pharmacological effect of functional chocolates, are also discussed.

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Section: Chocolate As Carrier For the Delivery Of Bioactive Ingredientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chocolate As Carrier For the Delivery Of Bioactive Ingredientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chocolate as Carrier to Deliver Bioactive Ingredients: Current Advances and Future Perspectives

Faccinetto-Beltrán

Gómez-Fernández

Santacruz

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…A. muciniphila is being explored as a commercial probiotic and/or therapeutic agent [35]. Recent studies have reported large scale cultivation of A. muciniphila on a defined medium, safe for human consumption [22] and evaluated the stability and viability of the bacterium in dark chocolate [47]. Our results nevertheless indicate that there are still gaps in understanding the diversity and physiology of human associated Verrucomicrobia that need to be explored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Comparative genomics guides elucidation of vitamin B12 biosynthesis in novel human associatedAkkermansia

Kirmiz

Galindo

Cross

et al. 2019

Preprint

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22Background: Akkermansia muciniphila is a mucin-degrading bacterium found in the gut of most 23 healthy humans and is considered a 'next-generation probiotic.' However, knowledge of the 24 genomic and physiological diversity of human associated Akkermansia is limited, as only one 25 species has been formally described. 26Results: To begin to fill this knowledge gap, we reconstructed 35 high-quality metagenome 27 assembled genomes from children and combined them with 40 other publicly available genomes 28 from adults and mice for comparative genomic analysis. We identified at least four species-level 29 phylogroups (AmI-AmIV) with distinct functional potentials. Most notably, we identified the 30 presence of putative cobalamin (vitamin B12) biosynthesis genes within the AmII (n=26/28) and 31AmIII (n=2/2) phylogroups. To test these predictions, 10 novel strains of Akkermansia were 32 isolated from adults and screened for essential vitamin B12 biosynthesis genes via PCR. Two 33 strains of the AmII phylogroup were positive for the presence of vitamin B12 biosynthesis genes, 34 while all AmI strains, including the type strain A. muciniphila Muc T , were negative. To 35 demonstrate vitamin B12 biosynthesis, we measured the production of acetate, succinate, and 36 propionate in the presence and absence of vitamin supplementation in representative strains of 37 the AmI and AmII phylogroups since cobalamin is a cofactor in propionate metabolism. Results 38show that the Akkermansia AmII strain produced acetate and propionate in the absence of 39 supplementation, which is indicative of de novo vitamin B12 biosynthesis. In contrast, acetate 40 and succinate were the main fermentation products for the AmI strains when vitamin B12 was 41 not supplied in the culture medium. 42 Conclusions: We identified Akkermansia strains as potentially important vitamin B12 43 biosynthetic bacteria in the human gut. This novel physiological trait of human associated 44 Akkermansia may impact how these bacteria interact with the human host and other members of 45 the human gut microbiome. 46 47 KEYWORDS: Akkermansia, intestinal bacteria, vitamin B12, human gut microbiome, 48 probiotics 49 50 BACKGROUND 51Akkermansia muciniphila is a mucin degrading, gram-negative intestinal bacterium 52 widely present in the human population, typically at 1 to 4% relative abundance [1, 2]. A number 53 of studies in humans [3-5] and rodents [6][7][8] have found positive associations between its 54 abundance and intestinal health, suggesting that Akkermansia may be a beneficial member of the 55 gut microbiome and could be used as a biomarker of a healthy gut [9][10][11]. However, despite a 56 diversity of phylotypes being reported by previous sequence-based studies, A. muciniphila Muc T 57 (ATCC BAA-835) represents the sole described species of the Verrucomicrobia phylum 58 associated with humans [2, 12, 13]. Therefore, before we can fully assess the health potential of 59 human associated Akkermansia, a comprehensive understanding of the genomic and 60 physiol...

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“…Several studies have been focusing on the cultivation, storage and delivery methods of either pasteurized or alive A. muciniphila for therapeutic purposes (Plovier et al 2017, van der Ark 2018, Chang et al 2020, Marcial-Coba et al 2018, Marcial-Coba et al 2019. Moreover, the environmental conditions in which A. muciniphila survives have been studied in detail as it is sensitive to low pH, oxygen and bile salts (Derrien et al 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this workflow, viable cells were retrieved from cecal and colon content of high-fat treated mice. More recently, encapsulation of A. muciniphila has obtained increased interest, including double emulsions, double-network hydrogel microstructures, microencapsulation in xanthan and gellan gum, and the latter embedded in dark chocolate (van derArk et al 2017, Marcial-Coba et al 2018, Marcial-Coba et al 2019. Altogether, the presence of environmental stressors may be overcome by protection of live cells through encapsulation, resulting in the viable delivery of A. muciniphila.…”

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confidence: 99%

A rising star : A comprehensive approach to Akkermansia muciniphila ecosystems, interactions and applications

Geerlings¹

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General introduction and thesis outlineAkkermansia muciniphila is a fascinating intestinal symbiont, which has received considerable attention over the last two decades due to its mechanisms of action to improve host health. In this thesis, A. muciniphila plays a main role in all the chapters. A. muciniphila Muc T was isolated in 2004 at the laboratory of Microbiology at Wageningen University (Derrien et al. 2004). It is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the Verrucomicrobiota (formerly Verrucomicrobia) phylum. In the human gut, A. muciniphila is currently the only representative of this phylum and present in high numbers with an abundance ranging from 0.5-5% (Cani and de Vos 2017). The name A. muciniphila was derived from Dr. Antoon Akkermans, who was leading the Microbial Ecology group within the Laboratory of Microbiology at the time of isolation, shortly before his retirement. The isolation was performed on the fecal sample of a healthy individual using purified mucin as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy (Derrien et al. 2004, Belzer and de Vos 2012. The genome of A. muciniphila Muc T is composed of one circular chromosome of 2.7 Mbp coding for 2,176 protein-coding genes and is in terms of function mainly dedicated to mucus degradation (van Passel et al. 2011). Here an introduction is provided into the role of A. muciniphila in host health and other functions of this bacterium. In addition, we will introduce different models that may be used to study its performance. A. muciniphila involvement in human healthExtensive studies have been performed on the correlation between the gut microbiota and health and disease (de Vos et al. 2022). The gut microbiota composition was found to be strongly correlated to several diseases, including pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver cirrhosis (

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Dark chocolate as a stable carrier of microencapsulated Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus casei

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Chocolate as Carrier to Deliver Bioactive Ingredients: Current Advances and Future Perspectives

Chocolate as Carrier to Deliver Bioactive Ingredients: Current Advances and Future Perspectives

Comparative genomics guides elucidation of vitamin B12 biosynthesis in novel human associatedAkkermansia

A rising star : A comprehensive approach to Akkermansia muciniphila ecosystems, interactions and applications

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