Dammarane-type saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum

Abstract

Dammarane-type saponins, gypenosides VN1-VN7 (1-7), were isolated from the total saponin extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum aerial parts, with their structures elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods. These compounds showed moderate cytotoxic activity against four human cancer cell lines, A549 (lung), HT-29 (colon), MCF-7 (breast), and SK-OV-3 (ovary), with IC(50) values ranging from 19.6+/-1.1 to 43.1+/-1.0 microM. Regarding the HL-60 (acute promyelocytic leukemia) cell line, compounds 1, 5, and 6 showed weakly active with IC(50) values of 62.8+/-1.9, 72.6+/-3.6, and 82.4+/-3.2 nM, respectively, while 2, 3, 4, and 7 were less active with IC(50) values>100 microM.

Transcriptome Sequencing ofGynostemma pentaphyllumto Identify Genes and Enzymes Involved in Triterpenoid Biosynthesis

“…Triterpenoid saponins, the main effective components of G. pentaphyllum , have been widely studied [2–13, 23, 24]. In this study, we obtained transcriptome information using RNA sequencing, a technique that exhibits higher efficiency and is less expensive than DNA sequencing [38].…”

Antimalarial Properties of Aqueous Crude Extracts ofGynostemma pentaphyllumandMoringa oleiferaLeaves in Combination with Artesunate inPlasmodium berghei-Infected Mice

“…It has been described that plant extracts contain active compounds that have great potential for medicinal use, and both traditional healers and pharmaceutical drug companies make use of these plant extracts. The extracts of G. pentaphyllum and M. oleifera leaves were reported to contain different classes of active compounds such as tannins, alkaloids, quinines, saponins, flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, quercetin, kaempferol, and gypenoside [31, 32]. Terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, quinines, quercetin, and kaempferol were known to have antimalarial activity [33–36].…”

Gynostemma pentaphyllum exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and modulates antimicrobial peptide expression in the urinary bladder

“…Besides the large numbers of methyl and methylene protons of the triterpene (Fig. 1B, region A), the HSQC spectrum showed the presence of olefinic signals (region D) indicating dammarane-type saponins (Bai et al, 2010;Ky et al, 2010;Norberg et al, 2004). In the HSQC-TOCSY spectrum (Fig.…”

“…A large number of saponins from GP, referred to as gypenosides, have been identified and characterized (Bai et al, 2010;Hu et al, 2010;Ky et al, 2010). These gypenosides are dammarane-type saponins containing an aglycone triterpene moiety.…”