Damage to crops bymicrotermes najdensis(isoptera, macrotermitinae) in irrigated semi‐desert areas of the red sea coast. 2. cotton in the Tokar delta region of Sudan

Abstract

Damage to crops by Microtermes najdensis (Isoptera, Macrotermitinae) in irrigated semi-desert areas of the Red Sea Coast. 2. Cotton in the Tokar Delta region of Sudan(Abstract. Microtermes najdensis is a major pest of cotton in the Tokar Delta of Sudan, where it causes damage by penetrating and hollowing the roots and entering the stems. Attack usually occurs late in the growing season. The efficacy of aldrin and less persistent insecticides was evaluated in a series of trials in different areas of the delta from 1982 to 1986. Plant mortality and yields varied widely among sites and years. Application of aldrin gave up to 132% increase in yield in some trials but in others no differences were detected. Treatment of seed with aldrin was more cost-effective than a planting-hole treatment. Residue levels (aldrin, dieldrin) were low in soil, cotton (seed, fibre and foliage), well water, and crops planted in plots treated with aldrin in previous seasons. Termite attack in trials of other insecticides was very low, and the efficacy of these could not be evaluated. There was no clear relationship between termite foraging activity and either plant mortality or yield.

Area‐population control of fungus‐growing termite, Odontotermes formosanus, using hexaflumuron durable baits

“…4.1 Area-wide baiting as a strategy to control fungusgrowing termites Control of fungus-growing termites has traditionally been achieved by soil-treatments or liquid pesticides, 9,15,19 and the usage of CSIs baits was restricted to control of mound-building colonies, 28,30 which allowed direct treatment of CSIs to a colony. Due to the sporadic foraging behavior, fungus-growing termites are more likely to abandon stations, 23,43 and traditional monitoring/baiting procedures are harder to achieve.…”

“…For example, Bigger 9 used aldrin powder to treat farmland soil and reduced >50% of underground chamber of fungus-growing termite in 20 months. Afterwards, Tiben et al, 15 applied 1.00 kg aldrin powder per hectare of soil and successfully reduced the plant mortality caused by Microtermes najdensis Harris, from 20.7% to 3.7%. Except for aldrin, organophosphates, carbamates, and chlorinated phenols were considered less effective to control fungus-growing termites due to their low persistence in environment.…”

“…c (min) Noviflumuron-( 13 C,15 N) ( 13 CC 16 H 7 C l2 F 9 15 NNO 3 ) 529.9694 528.9621 488.9497, 358.9660, 343.9489, 338.9596, 192.9501 13.0 3 ) 459.9816 458.9738 438.9681, 402.9914, 301.9884, 275.9595 12.7 a For quantification. b For qualification.…”

Foraging behavior and bait station preference in scavenging termite,Odontotermes obesus(Blattodea: Termitidae)

“…Macrotermes , Microtermes , and Odontotermes , etc.) are serious pests in tropical and sub-tropical areas of Asia and Africa (Wood et al ., 1980, 1987; Tiben et al ., 1990). These termites are different from Rhinotermitid lower termites in a number of ways.…”