Damage to Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites (CFRP) by Laser Machining: An Overview

Sobri, Sharizal Ahmad; Heinemann, Robert; Whitehead, David; Amini, Mohd Hazim Mohamad; Marrakchi, M.

doi:10.1007/978-981-33-4153-1_10

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore, it is inaccurate to regard single-layer CFRP as homogeneous composites. Sobri et al [33] believe that in the existing finite element model research, it is easy to establish a two-dimensional geometric model by considering carbon fiber and resin separately. However, in order to further explore the action mechanism of laser on single-layer CFRP, a three-dimensional model of fiber-resin phase is established in this work.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Tow-to-spot Diameter Ratio for Laser Cutting of Single-layer Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP)

Luo

Zhu²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is a kind of advanced composite material with resin as matrix and carbon fiber as reinforcing phase. Laser cutting is considered as a high-efficiency and high-quality processing method of CFRP because of its high removal rate, narrow slit and no cutting force. Due to the differences in physical properties between carbon fiber and resin in CFRP, the whole composed of these two phases in different arrangement is a typical anisotropic material, which leads to the high complexity of its laser cutting process compared with isotropic materials. In order to study the influence of material anisotropy on energy conduction in laser cutting CFRP, taking single-layer CFRP as the research object, based on the heat conduction theory and the mixing rate of composite materials, the three-dimensional finite element models of single fiber arrangement with tow-to-spot diameter ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:5 and 1:10 are established by using the commercial software ANSYS. Through the numerical simulation of the same direction laser cutting process, the material temperature field and cross-section temperature gradient are analyzed. The results show that with the increase of fiber arrangement density (tow-to-spot diameter ratio approaching 1:10), the width of heat affected zone decreases, but the maximum temperature increases, which means that the temperature gradient increases. Therefore, it is speculated that when laser cutting with large spot diameter is used, i.e. K < 1:10, CFRP can be treated as homogeneous composite. In order to verify the effectiveness of the model, a slit aperture is used to control the tow-to-spot diameter ratio at about 1:7, and a CO2 continuous laser is used for cutting experiments. By fitting the experimental measurements with the width of carbon fiber ablation area and heat affected zone in the numerical simulation results, it is found that there is a logarithmic correlation between both of the width and the tow-to-spot diameter ratio. There are 3.37% and 1.92% deviations between the experimental result and the theoretical value, respectively. The agreement is relatively good, which can prove the effectiveness of the model. In conclusion, the establishment of tow-to-spot diameter ratio model reveals the response characteristics of anisotropic materials to energy input and conduction in the process of laser cutting, especially the difference of radial and axial conduction efficiency. The influence mechanism of fiber arrangement mode (mainly density in this work) on temperature field and cutting effect is clarified, which provides important theoretical support and experimental basis for laser precision cutting method of CFRP materials.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Tow-to-spot Diameter Ratio for Laser Cutting of Single-layer Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP)

Luo

Zhu²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Experimental studies used a combination laser and mechanical technique creating 8 and 10 mm holes in 25.4 mm thick CFRP. All parameters in Tables 2 and 3 were identified based on the standard parameters obtained from previous research attempts [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] and modified to fit the current scenario based on machine and equipment capability. In this process, pilot holes were started with a 1 kW IPG fibre laser.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4][5][6]. The proper selection of parameters in laser drilling (such as laser power, scanning speed, gas pressure, and type) can be optimized in order to achieve an optimum performance [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential Laser–Mechanical Drilling of Thick Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites (CFRP) for Industrial Applications

2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) can be costly to manufacture, but they are typically used anywhere a high strength-to-weight ratio and a high steadiness (rigidity) are needed in many industrial applications, particularly in aerospace. Drilling composites with a laser tends to be a feasible method since one of the composite phases is often in the form of a polymer, and polymers in general have a very high absorption coefficient for infrared radiation. The feasibility of sequential laser–mechanical drilling for a thick CFRP is discussed in this article. A 1 kW fibre laser was chosen as a pre-drilling instrument (or initial stage), and mechanical drilling was the final step. The sequential drilling method dropped the overall thrust and torque by an average of 61%, which greatly increased the productivity and reduced the mechanical stress on the cutting tool while also increasing the lifespan of the bit. The sequential drilling (i.e., laser 8 mm and mechanical 8 mm) for both drill bits (i.e., 2- and 3-flute uncoated tungsten carbide) and the laser pre-drilling techniques has demonstrated the highest delamination factor (SFDSR) ratios. A new laser–mechanical sequence drilling technique is thus established, assessed, and tested when thick CFRP composites are drilled.

show abstract

“…The axial thermal conductivity (50 W/(m·K)) is much greater than the radial (5 W/(m·K)) [ 24 ]. Due to the variability of composite materials, laser processing can lead to severe thermal damage such as a heat-affected zone (HAZ), fiber pull-out, laminar delamination, and fiber-end expansion [ 25 ]. These damages not only affect the appearance and quality of the structure being machined, but also seriously affect the geometric accuracy and quality of the structure being machined, despite having a lower impact on the mechanical properties than the rest of the special and conventional machining methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Laser Processing Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic

Wang

Yuan

et al. 2023

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to its exceptional advantages, such as high specific strength, high specific modulus, and good fatigue resistance, carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) is frequently utilized in aerospace, aviation, automotive, rail transportation, and other areas. Composite components typically need to be joined and integrated. In the equipment manufacturing industry, the most used methods for processing composite components are cutting, drilling, and surface treatment. The quality of CFRP is significantly impacted by traditional mechanical processing, causing flaws like delamination, burrs, and tears. Laser processing technology has emerged as a crucial method for processing CFRP for its high quality, non-contact, simple control, and automation features. The most recent research on the laser processing of CFRP is presented in this paper, supporting scientists and engineers who work in the field in using this unconventional manufacturing technique. This paper gives a general overview of the key features of laser processing technology and the numerous machining techniques available. The concepts and benefits of laser processing technology are discussed in terms of the material properties, mode of operation, and laser characteristics, as well as the methods to achieve high efficiency, low damage, and high precision. This paper reviews the research development of laser processing of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics, and a summary of the factors affecting the quality of CFRP laser processing. Therefore, the research content of this article can be used as a theoretical basis for reducing thermal damage and improving the processing quality of laser-processed composite materials, while, on this basis, we analyze the development trend of CFRP laser processing technology.

show abstract

Damage to Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites (CFRP) by Laser Machining: An Overview

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Modeling of Tow-to-spot Diameter Ratio for Laser Cutting of Single-layer Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP)

Modeling of Tow-to-spot Diameter Ratio for Laser Cutting of Single-layer Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP)

Sequential Laser–Mechanical Drilling of Thick Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites (CFRP) for Industrial Applications

Development of Laser Processing Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About